{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391027667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020640","title":"Low-Energy Ion Implantation and Deep-Mesa Si-Avalanche Photodiodes with Improved Fabrication Process","display_name":"Low-Energy Ion Implantation and Deep-Mesa Si-Avalanche Photodiodes with Improved Fabrication Process","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391027667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38276332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/640/pdf?version=1705659130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/640/pdf?version=1705659130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107940914","display_name":"Tiancai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3807-2812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005922095","display_name":"Hongling Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8477-8744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091786","display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00g102351","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongling Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064264675","display_name":"Peng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055324926","display_name":"Qiandong Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-581X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiandong Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-581X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015374813","display_name":"Jie Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-3554"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105367121","display_name":"Jian Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609489","display_name":"Wanhua Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091786","display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00g102351","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanhua Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronics Information Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100609489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210091786","https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78866986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"640","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apds","display_name":"APDS","score":0.900030255317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.8548976182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsivity","display_name":"Responsivity","score":0.7160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.7112098336219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.698971152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.681236982345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetection","display_name":"Photodetection","score":0.5452547073364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.48717090487480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photomultiplier","display_name":"Silicon photomultiplier","score":0.4725135266780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakdown-voltage","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","score":0.4392831325531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-implantation","display_name":"Ion implantation","score":0.4314962327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photolithography","display_name":"Photolithography","score":0.4164619445800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.36878502368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2838616371154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.2453896701335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.24348819255828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillator","display_name":"Scintillator","score":0.21197769045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion","display_name":"Ion","score":0.191722571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10831618309020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09457102417945862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193265955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73116","display_name":"APDS","level":4,"score":0.900030255317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.8548976182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178889773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316011","display_name":"Responsivity","level":3,"score":0.7160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.7112098336219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.698971152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.681236982345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85604662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187735","display_name":"Photodetection","level":3,"score":0.5452547073364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.48717090487480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104335537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085747","display_name":"Silicon photomultiplier","level":4,"score":0.4725135266780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.4392831325531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41823505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436752","display_name":"Ion implantation","level":3,"score":0.4314962327480316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105487726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622938","display_name":"Photolithography","level":2,"score":0.4164619445800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.36878502368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2838616371154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.2453896701335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.24348819255828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161694136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990","display_name":"Scintillator","level":3,"score":0.21197769045829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.191722571849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10831618309020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09457102417945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/640/pdf?version=1705659130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38276332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38276332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10819610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10819610","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819610/pdf/sensors-24-00640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d30b263950741859775750b5797d9ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d30b263950741859775750b5797d9ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 640 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:213685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/213685/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/640/pdf?version=1705659130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G671958257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFE0200900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391027667.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483293756","https://openalex.org/W2004705091","https://openalex.org/W2025644811","https://openalex.org/W2073651258","https://openalex.org/W2105234003","https://openalex.org/W2119961052","https://openalex.org/W2166491357","https://openalex.org/W2200991964","https://openalex.org/W2205099263","https://openalex.org/W2461195219","https://openalex.org/W2604562709","https://openalex.org/W2738714386","https://openalex.org/W2754361773","https://openalex.org/W2794156541","https://openalex.org/W2808822430","https://openalex.org/W2971486286","https://openalex.org/W3133590258","https://openalex.org/W3148341468","https://openalex.org/W3158590788","https://openalex.org/W3159331086","https://openalex.org/W3160303407","https://openalex.org/W3170074832","https://openalex.org/W4200236104","https://openalex.org/W4304690555","https://openalex.org/W4306399855","https://openalex.org/W4368341510","https://openalex.org/W4382049212","https://openalex.org/W4385902605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139371708","https://openalex.org/W3181163525","https://openalex.org/W3025044906","https://openalex.org/W2223871079","https://openalex.org/W1974267762","https://openalex.org/W1977235294","https://openalex.org/W4243330141","https://openalex.org/W4386306500","https://openalex.org/W4379801577","https://openalex.org/W1501960544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,18,41,48,72,87,97,100,119,124,149,157],"avalanche":[2,10],"phenomenon":[3],"was":[4,107,138,153,161,175],"first":[5],"found":[6],"in":[7,71],"bulk":[8],"materials,":[9],"photodiodes":[11],"(APDs)":[12],"have":[13,22],"been":[14,23],"exclusively":[15],"investigated.":[16],"Among":[17],"many":[19],"devices":[20],"that":[21],"developed,":[24],"silicon":[25,67,130],"APDs":[26,68],"stand":[27],"out":[28],"because":[29],"of":[30,96,99,146,168,184],"their":[31],"low":[32,110,144,181],"cost,":[33],"performance":[34,79],"stability,":[35],"and":[36,52,74,80,156,190],"compatibility":[37],"with":[38,77,132],"CMOS.":[39],"However,":[40],"increasing":[42],"industrial":[43],"needs":[44],"pose":[45],"challenges":[46],"for":[47,64,69],"fabrication":[49,53,62,120],"cycle":[50],"time":[51,152],"cost.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"work,":[57],"we":[58],"proposed":[59],"an":[60],"improved":[61,78,84,125],"process":[63,85],"ultra-deep":[65],"mesa-structured":[66],"photodetection":[70],"visible":[73],"near-infrared":[75],"wavelengths":[76],"reduced":[81,86,91],"costs.":[82,121],"The":[83,140],"complexity":[88],"through":[89],"significantly":[90],"photolithography":[92],"steps,":[93],"e.g.,":[94],"half":[95],"steps":[98],"existing":[101],"process.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"single":[104],"ion":[105],"implantation":[106],"performed":[108],"under":[109],"energy":[111],"(lower":[112],"than":[113],"30":[114],"keV)":[115],"to":[116],"further":[117],"reduce":[118],"Based":[122],"on":[123],"ultra-concise":[126],"process,":[127],"a":[128,133,143,165,180,191],"deep-mesa":[129],"APD":[131],"140":[134],"V":[135,174],"breakdown":[136],"voltage":[137,160,189],"obtained.":[139],"device":[141],"exhibited":[142],"capacitance":[145],"500":[147],"fF,":[148],"measured":[150],"rise":[151],"2.7":[154],"ns,":[155],"reverse":[158],"bias":[159],"55":[162],"V.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"high":[166],"responsivity":[167],"103":[169],"A/W@870":[170],"nm":[171],"at":[172,187],"120":[173],"achieved,":[176],"as":[177,179],"well":[178],"dark":[182],"current":[183],"1":[185],"nA":[186],"punch-through":[188],"maximum":[192],"gain":[193],"exceeding":[194],"1000.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
