{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390972465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020612","title":"Digital-Twin-Driven Intelligent Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Production Lines","display_name":"Digital-Twin-Driven Intelligent Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor Production Lines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390972465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/612/pdf?version=1705567648","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/612/pdf?version=1705567648","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061062034","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-1511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101730423","display_name":"Xun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114334401","display_name":"Yifan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-0039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023485142","display_name":"Xuehan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101472563","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-9440"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354846","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8571-9861"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319990","display_name":"Sheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-078X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China","School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-078X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Archimedes Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230094, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100319990","https://openalex.org/A5100354846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78643986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"612","last_page":"612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.7704934477806091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.508506178855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-injection-technique","display_name":"Current injection technique","score":0.453498899936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4530293047428131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","score":0.45079073309898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4463898539543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42513716220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterostructure-emitter-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistor","score":0.4151526093482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3445073962211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3398306369781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3221037685871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16226255893707275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.7704934477806091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.508506178855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25230419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195101","display_name":"Current injection technique","level":5,"score":0.453498899936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4530293047428131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28285623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176110","display_name":"Insulated-gate bipolar transistor","level":3,"score":0.45079073309898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4463898539543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42513716220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58127512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747796","display_name":"Heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistor","level":5,"score":0.4151526093482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3445073962211609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3398306369781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3221037685871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16226255893707275}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/612/pdf?version=1705567648","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38257704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10818924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10818924","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10818924/pdf/sensors-24-00612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5dfca28770a8446fa6ff8090b1c98762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5dfca28770a8446fa6ff8090b1c98762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 612 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/612/pdf?version=1705567648","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4206979690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3207100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390972465.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999071155","https://openalex.org/W2346505350","https://openalex.org/W2508484714","https://openalex.org/W2537197030","https://openalex.org/W2757110387","https://openalex.org/W2795648501","https://openalex.org/W2800627515","https://openalex.org/W2944810901","https://openalex.org/W2982689699","https://openalex.org/W2998749212","https://openalex.org/W3007058815","https://openalex.org/W3047145943","https://openalex.org/W3130607496","https://openalex.org/W3133666727","https://openalex.org/W3135667613","https://openalex.org/W3164356889","https://openalex.org/W4285098908","https://openalex.org/W4285275685","https://openalex.org/W4307262856","https://openalex.org/W4309226876","https://openalex.org/W4310184885","https://openalex.org/W4312050920","https://openalex.org/W4320168964","https://openalex.org/W4365815564","https://openalex.org/W4375929001","https://openalex.org/W4377041462","https://openalex.org/W4378979708","https://openalex.org/W4380047037","https://openalex.org/W4383163174","https://openalex.org/W4383747717","https://openalex.org/W4386147995","https://openalex.org/W4386159219","https://openalex.org/W4386634616","https://openalex.org/W4386921700","https://openalex.org/W4387043024","https://openalex.org/W4387249786","https://openalex.org/W4387762816","https://openalex.org/W4387862306","https://openalex.org/W4388793793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4324123959","https://openalex.org/W2469343009","https://openalex.org/W2000807653","https://openalex.org/W1496935681","https://openalex.org/W1996439436","https://openalex.org/W4240490040","https://openalex.org/W2170355690","https://openalex.org/W3139926294","https://openalex.org/W2030814709","https://openalex.org/W1548311029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,32],"the":[1,33,108,151,175],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,35,84,164],"novel":[5],"energy":[6],"vehicles,":[7],"power":[8,14],"generation,":[9],"photovoltaics,":[10],"and":[11,44,60,67,94,125,132,190,202],"other":[12],"industries,":[13],"electronic":[15],"devices":[16],"have":[17,25],"gained":[18],"considerable":[19],"attention.":[20],"Insulated-gate":[21],"bipolar":[22],"transistors":[23],"(IGBTs)":[24],"been":[26,74],"widely":[27],"used":[28,76],"in":[29,47,77],"those":[30],"fields.":[31],"emergence":[34],"intelligent":[36,102,134,183],"manufacturing":[37,51],"concepts":[38],"such":[39,198],"as":[40,199],"Germany's":[41],"\"Industry":[42],"4.0\"":[43],"China's":[45],"\"Made":[46],"China":[48],"2025\",":[49],"conventional":[50],"which":[52],"needs":[53],"to":[54,91,119,149],"be":[55],"upgraded":[56],"with":[57,194],"higher":[58],"efficiency":[59],"yield":[61,188],"is":[62,130,140,147],"rapidly":[63],"pivoting":[64],"toward":[65],"digitalization":[66],"intelligence.":[68],"The":[69,127],"digital":[70,109,121,128,176],"twin":[71,177],"methodology":[72],"has":[73],"extensively":[75],"various":[78,195],"industries":[79],"for":[80,123],"constructing":[81],"virtual":[82],"models":[83],"physical":[85,117],"entities,":[86],"facilitating":[87],"real-time":[88],"data":[89,112],"interconnection":[90],"reduce":[92],"costs":[93],"improve":[95],"efficiency.":[96,191],"This":[97],"study":[98],"proposes":[99],"a":[100,116,120,143,170],"modular":[101],"IGBT":[103,165,182,192],"production":[104,184],"line":[105,118,122,129,185],"based":[106,173],"on":[107,174],"twin.":[110],"Real-time":[111],"are":[113,167,204],"transmitted":[114],"from":[115],"storage":[124],"analysis.":[126],"visualized,":[131],"an":[133],"management":[135],"platform":[136],"containing":[137],"multiple":[138],"functions":[139],"developed.":[141],"Additionally,":[142],"process":[144,153,163],"simulation":[145],"database":[146],"established":[148],"obtain":[150],"optimal":[152],"parameters.":[154],"Numerous":[155],"quality":[156],"issues":[157],"that":[158],"can":[159],"arise":[160],"during":[161],"each":[162],"packaging":[166,196],"addressed":[168],"using":[169],"problem-solving":[171],"approach":[172],"methodology.":[178],"Consequently,":[179],"this":[180],"digital-twin-based":[181],"effectively":[186],"enhances":[187],"rates":[189],"modules":[193],"forms":[197],"ACF,":[200],"ACE,":[201],"ACD":[203],"manufactured.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
