{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390972522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020602","title":"Research on High Performance Methane Gas Concentration Sensor Based on Pyramid Beam Splitter Matrix","display_name":"Research on High Performance Methane Gas Concentration Sensor Based on Pyramid Beam Splitter Matrix","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390972522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/602/pdf?version=1705627222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/602/pdf?version=1705627222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073257504","display_name":"Boqiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157899","display_name":"China State Shipbuilding (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rveb346","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China","School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109860761","display_name":"Xuezeng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuezeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113210150","display_name":"Yiyong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157899","display_name":"China State Shipbuilding (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rveb346","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China","School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatonics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110504223","display_name":"Zhuogang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157899","display_name":"China State Shipbuilding (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rveb346","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuogang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"703 Research Institute, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Harbin 150010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073257504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I4210157899"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45637638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"602","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"Methane","score":0.6910514235496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"Detection limit","score":0.6878101825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-splitter","display_name":"Beam splitter","score":0.5178492665290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4894501268863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4847385585308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4655177593231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4097940921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.231271892786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.22859564423561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19579359889030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18500593304634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.10721710324287415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.6910514235496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.6878101825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19819980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947542","display_name":"Beam splitter","level":3,"score":0.5178492665290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4894501268863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4847385585308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4655177593231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4097940921783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.231271892786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.22859564423561096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19579359889030457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18500593304634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.10721710324287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/602/pdf?version=1705627222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11154482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11154482","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11154482/pdf/sensors-24-00602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:420934884b664bd7b12097e96b2384c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/420934884b664bd7b12097e96b2384c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 602 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/2/602/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/602/pdf?version=1705627222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390972522.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983392650","https://openalex.org/W1988630185","https://openalex.org/W2031360924","https://openalex.org/W2417500108","https://openalex.org/W2777143016","https://openalex.org/W2942610668","https://openalex.org/W2962182141","https://openalex.org/W3000015290","https://openalex.org/W3039476737","https://openalex.org/W3088687814","https://openalex.org/W3095113198","https://openalex.org/W3109385342","https://openalex.org/W4200175928","https://openalex.org/W4297013523","https://openalex.org/W4306711464","https://openalex.org/W4311391438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320243538","https://openalex.org/W2094288906","https://openalex.org/W2391410777","https://openalex.org/W1965175117","https://openalex.org/W4378716885","https://openalex.org/W4280522672","https://openalex.org/W2329184717","https://openalex.org/W2364728108","https://openalex.org/W1964473174","https://openalex.org/W2107798612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methane":[0],"gas":[1,38,90],"concentration":[2,39,78,91,166],"detection":[3,79,92,134],"faces":[4],"the":[5,24,29,44,49,57,75,87,99,105,108,114,123,131,152,172,179],"challenges":[6],"of":[7,23,28,48,111,121,133,143,178],"increasing":[8],"accuracy":[9,177],"and":[10,81,130,160,176],"sensitivity,":[11,173],"as":[12,14],"well":[13],"high":[15],"reliability":[16,124],"in":[17,150],"harsh":[18],"environments.":[19],"The":[20,62,138],"special":[21],"design":[22],"optical":[25,45,154],"path":[26,46],"structure":[27,47],"sensitive":[30,50],"element":[31,51],"provides":[32],"an":[33],"opportunity":[34],"to":[35],"improve":[36,171],"methane":[37,89],"detection.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"study,":[43],"was":[52,66,102],"newly":[53],"designed":[54],"based":[55,94],"on":[56,95],"Pyramidal":[58],"beam":[59],"splitter":[60],"matrix.":[61],"infrared":[63],"light":[64],"source":[65],"modulated":[67],"by":[68,158],"multi-frequency":[69],"point-signal":[70],"superimposed":[71],"modulation":[72],"technology.":[73],"At":[74],"same":[76],"time,":[77],"results":[80],"confidence":[82],"levels":[83],"were":[84],"calculated":[85],"using":[86],"four-channel":[88],"algorithm":[93],"spectral":[96],"refinement.":[97],"Through":[98],"experiment,":[100],"it":[101],"found":[103],"that":[104],"sensor":[106,139],"enables":[107],"full-range":[109],"measurement":[110],"CH4;":[112],"at":[113],"lower":[115],"explosive":[116],"limit":[117,132],"(LEL,":[118],"CH4":[119],"LEL":[120],"5%),":[122],"level":[125],"is":[126,135,140,156,162,167],"0.01":[127],"parts-per-million":[128],"(PPM),":[129],"0.5":[136],"ppm.":[137],"still":[141],"capable":[142],"achieving":[144],"PPM-level":[145],"detections":[146],"under":[147],"extreme":[148],"conditions":[149],"which":[151],"sensor\u2019s":[153],"window":[155],"covered":[157],"two-thirds":[159],"humidity":[161],"85%":[163],"or":[164],"dust":[165],"100":[168],"mg/m3.":[169],"Those":[170],"robustness,":[174],"reliability,":[175],"sensor.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}