{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390738876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","title":"Study on the Strength of the Brake Pad of a Freight Wagon under Uneven Loading in Operation","display_name":"Study on the Strength of the Brake Pad of a Freight Wagon under Uneven Loading in Operation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390738876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/463/pdf?version=1704985470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/463/pdf?version=1704985470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030408533","display_name":"Sergii Panchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-9933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151026","display_name":"Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8ce979","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151026"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergii Panchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Computer Telecontrol of Trains, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Computer Telecontrol of Trains, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084265950","display_name":"Juraj Gerlici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-0567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juraj Gerlici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042490036","display_name":"\u0410lyona Lovska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-1764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alyona Lovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057478471","display_name":"Vasyl Ravlyuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-9482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151026","display_name":"Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8ce979","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151026"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasyl Ravlyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wagon Engineering and Product Quality, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wagon Engineering and Product Quality, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Feuerbach Square 7, 61050 Kharkiv, Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009708657","display_name":"J\u00e1n Di\u017eo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9433-392X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e1n Di\u017eo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022391232","display_name":"Jozef Haru\u0161inec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122011922","display_name":"University of \u017dilina","ror":"https://ror.org/031wwwj55","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jozef Haru\u0161inec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport and Handling Machines, University of Zilina in Zilina, Univerzitn\u00e1 1, 010 26 \u017dilina, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009708657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122011922"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65985683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"463","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12197","display_name":"Brake Systems and Friction Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake","display_name":"Brake","score":0.7578516006469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake-pad","display_name":"Brake pad","score":0.6783491969108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.6077370643615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.533582329750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5014715194702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending-moment","display_name":"Bending moment","score":0.4781302511692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4431019425392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.42627495527267456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.7578516006469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34975823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908233","display_name":"Brake pad","level":3,"score":0.6783491969108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6077370643615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.533582329750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5014715194702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70673446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857244","display_name":"Bending moment","level":2,"score":0.4781302511692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4431019425392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.42627495527267456}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/463/pdf?version=1704985470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38257556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11154423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11154423","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11154423/pdf/sensors-24-00463.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:096d48b28f414bacba91deb1fb4275a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/096d48b28f414bacba91deb1fb4275a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 463 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/2/463/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020463","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/463/pdf?version=1704985470","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350100089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"031\u017dU-4/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323640","funder_display_name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6439125263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1/0513/22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323641","funder_display_name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7321480741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VEGA 1/0513/22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321779","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321779","display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","ror":"https://ror.org/037nx0e70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323640","display_name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323641","display_name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","ror":"https://ror.org/044gwpv05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390738876.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981060603","https://openalex.org/W2023708547","https://openalex.org/W2065748321","https://openalex.org/W2965946385","https://openalex.org/W2995775060","https://openalex.org/W3047394685","https://openalex.org/W3094607177","https://openalex.org/W3123793346","https://openalex.org/W3161399197","https://openalex.org/W4200383382","https://openalex.org/W4207073468","https://openalex.org/W4211061812","https://openalex.org/W4283730785","https://openalex.org/W4300864471","https://openalex.org/W4313269622","https://openalex.org/W4386565750","https://openalex.org/W4388127132","https://openalex.org/W4388688645","https://openalex.org/W4390052533","https://openalex.org/W4403707818","https://openalex.org/W6789481202","https://openalex.org/W6795582436","https://openalex.org/W6874246549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996560228","https://openalex.org/W2365875994","https://openalex.org/W2923631298","https://openalex.org/W2372782230","https://openalex.org/W2042802888","https://openalex.org/W4213288473","https://openalex.org/W2375144775","https://openalex.org/W1984219923","https://openalex.org/W650922666","https://openalex.org/W2365107808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,114,126,186,224,256],"paper":[1],"highlights":[2],"the":[3,7,10,26,30,40,43,51,53,77,81,90,99,103,106,112,122,129,134,137,146,153,157,161,164,171,174,177,182,192,198,202,219,222,229,233,264,272,287,302,306],"results":[4,127,257,304],"of":[5,9,13,42,80,102,108,116,128,156,163,176,221,258,275,301],"determining":[6,39],"strength":[8,41,162,175],"brake":[11,82,234,273],"pad":[12,31,44,54,104,138,158,165,178,203,235],"a":[14,59,276],"freight":[15,251,277],"wagon":[16,278],"under":[17],"uneven":[18,27,154,230],"loading":[19,28,155,231],"in":[20,73,89,105,121,136,159,201,218,236,293],"operation.":[21],"main":[23],"reasons":[24],"for":[25,38,191,297],"on":[29,98,232],"have":[32,70,86,95,131],"been":[33,48,71,87,96],"found.":[34],"A":[35],"mathematical":[36],"tool":[37],"unevenly":[45],"loaded":[46,62],"has":[47,226],"proposed.":[49],"In":[50],"study,":[52],"is":[55,166,284],"considered":[56,285],"to":[57,75,263],"be":[58,291],"rod":[60],"system":[61,274],"with":[63,111,250],"concentrated":[64],"forces":[65],"and":[66,93,216,267,279,299],"bending":[67],"moments.":[68],"Sensors":[69],"used":[72,190],"order":[74],"detect":[76],"load":[78],"state":[79],"pads.":[83],"These":[84,208],"sensors":[85,118,289],"defined":[88],"simulation":[91,123,307],"software,":[92],"they":[94,144],"placed":[97],"working":[100],"surface":[101],"area":[107],"its":[109],"interaction":[110],"wheel.":[113],"operation":[115,237],"these":[117],"was":[119,179,189,195],"simulated":[120],"software":[124],"package.":[125],"calculation":[130],"shown":[132],"that":[133,197,228,286],"stresses":[135,200,209],"are":[139],"about":[140,205],"21.1":[141],"MPa;":[142],"thus,":[143],"exceed":[145],"permissible":[147,214],"values":[148,215],"by":[149],"29%.":[150],"Therefore,":[151],"considering":[152],"operation,":[160],"not":[167],"ensured.":[168],"To":[169],"test":[170],"obtained":[172],"results,":[173],"determined":[180],"using":[181],"finite":[183],"element":[184],"method.":[185],"Coulomb":[187],"criterion":[188],"calculation.":[193],"It":[194,283],"found":[196],"maximum":[199],"were":[204,210],"19":[206],"MPa.":[207],"21%":[211],"higher":[212],"than":[213],"occurred":[217],"back":[220],"pad.":[223],"study":[225,260],"proven":[227],"can":[238],"cause":[239,247],"their":[240,254],"destruction":[241],"during":[242,253],"braking.":[243],"This":[244],"may":[245],"also":[246],"traffic":[248,281],"accidents":[249],"trains":[252],"movement.":[255],"this":[259],"will":[261,290],"contribute":[262],"theoretical":[265],"developments":[266],"recommendations":[268],"aimed":[269],"at":[270],"improving":[271],"rail":[280],"safety.":[282],"tensometric":[288],"applied":[292],"future":[294],"experimental":[295],"tests":[296],"comparison":[298],"verification":[300],"achieved":[303],"from":[305],"computations.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}