{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390671558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","title":"Remote Multi-Person Heart Rate Monitoring with Smart Speakers: Overcoming Separation Constraint","display_name":"Remote Multi-Person Heart Rate Monitoring with Smart Speakers: Overcoming Separation Constraint","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390671558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/382/pdf?version=1704717641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/382/pdf?version=1704717641","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103010362","display_name":"Thu Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2854-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thu Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017332015","display_name":"Dong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075701279","display_name":"Rajesh Krishna Balan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Balan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore 178902, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103010362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.176,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74659679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"382","last_page":"382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.622780442237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5539384484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5233782529830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4953137934207916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4842262268066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","score":0.47223660349845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3575149476528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26246488094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2243126928806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1766040325164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.131818950176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08407241106033325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.622780442237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5539384484291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5233782529830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4953137934207916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4842262268066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47223660349845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3575149476528168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26246488094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2243126928806305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1766040325164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.131818950176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08407241106033325}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070276","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013686","descriptor_name":"Telemetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034201","descriptor_name":"Computers, Handheld","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/382/pdf?version=1704717641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38257475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38257475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10819445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10819445","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10819445/pdf/sensors-24-00382.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10675ab69f304ee58d82c164da96d16f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10675ab69f304ee58d82c164da96d16f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 382 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/2/382/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020382","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/382/pdf?version=1704717641","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1482925484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390671558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182856779","https://openalex.org/W1969761120","https://openalex.org/W1977986674","https://openalex.org/W2006873322","https://openalex.org/W2017475793","https://openalex.org/W2019628588","https://openalex.org/W2025739749","https://openalex.org/W2026699230","https://openalex.org/W2035117689","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2142224645","https://openalex.org/W2147146980","https://openalex.org/W2161413685","https://openalex.org/W2163430278","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2268544110","https://openalex.org/W2471074815","https://openalex.org/W2507908806","https://openalex.org/W2592075940","https://openalex.org/W2783985400","https://openalex.org/W2793102850","https://openalex.org/W2835408549","https://openalex.org/W2863119652","https://openalex.org/W2914439234","https://openalex.org/W2973055427","https://openalex.org/W2997616834","https://openalex.org/W3033648091","https://openalex.org/W3117863277","https://openalex.org/W3133591871","https://openalex.org/W4210553340","https://openalex.org/W4294891920","https://openalex.org/W4299293190","https://openalex.org/W4380926390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071676784","https://openalex.org/W4292513318","https://openalex.org/W2287611352","https://openalex.org/W320684304","https://openalex.org/W1509352139","https://openalex.org/W4385464961","https://openalex.org/W4308092240","https://openalex.org/W2060903012","https://openalex.org/W2021161555","https://openalex.org/W2140798747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heart":[0],"rate":[1,35,111],"is":[2],"a":[3,58,63,120,153],"key":[4],"vital":[5],"sign":[6],"that":[7,102],"can":[8,103,165],"be":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,31,48,149,169],"understand":[12],"an":[13,100],"individual's":[14],"health":[15],"condition.":[16],"Recently,":[17],"remote":[18],"sensing":[19,139],"techniques,":[20],"especially":[21],"acoustic-based":[22],"sensing,":[23],"have":[24,53],"received":[25],"increasing":[26],"attention":[27],"for":[28],"their":[29],"ability":[30],"non-invasively":[32],"detect":[33],"heart":[34,110,142],"via":[36],"commercial":[37],"mobile":[38],"devices":[39],"such":[40,79],"as":[41,80],"smartphones":[42],"and":[43,61,106],"smart":[44,123],"speakers.":[45],"However,":[46],"due":[47],"signal":[49],"interference,":[50],"existing":[51],"methods":[52],"primarily":[54],"focused":[55],"on":[56],"monitoring":[57,69,112],"single":[59],"user":[60,127],"required":[62],"large":[64],"separation":[65],"between":[66],"them":[67],"when":[68,144],"multiple":[70,114],"people.":[71],"These":[72],"limitations":[73],"hinder":[74],"many":[75],"common":[76],"use":[77],"cases":[78],"couples":[81],"sharing":[82],"the":[83,135,163],"same":[84],"bed":[85],"or":[86,88],"two":[87,140],"more":[89],"people":[90,171],"located":[91],"in":[92,116,138,172],"close":[93,117,173],"proximity.":[94,174],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98],"present":[99],"approach":[101],"minimize":[104],"interference":[105],"thereby":[107],"enable":[108],"simultaneous":[109],"of":[113,156],"individuals":[115],"proximity":[118],"using":[119],"commonly":[121],"available":[122],"speaker":[124],"prototype.":[125],"Our":[126],"study,":[128],"conducted":[129],"under":[130],"various":[131],"real-life":[132],"scenarios,":[133],"demonstrates":[134],"system's":[136],"accuracy":[137],"users'":[141],"rates":[143],"they":[145],"are":[146],"seated":[147],"next":[148],"each":[150],"other":[151],"with":[152],"median":[154],"error":[155],"0.66":[157],"beats":[158],"per":[159],"minute":[160],"(bpm).":[161],"Moreover,":[162],"system":[164],"successfully":[166],"monitor":[167],"up":[168],"four":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}