{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390589374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","title":"Detecting Respiratory Viruses Using a Portable NIR Spectrometer\u2014A Preliminary Exploration with a Data Driven Approach","display_name":"Detecting Respiratory Viruses Using a Portable NIR Spectrometer\u2014A Preliminary Exploration with a Data Driven Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390589374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/308/pdf?version=1704373941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/308/pdf?version=1704373941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625188","display_name":"Jiandong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Dong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-0559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460917","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-6015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042537374","display_name":"Ultan F. Power","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-3774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ultan Power","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3246-3774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045151799","display_name":"James McLaughlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. McLaughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-8971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021247547","display_name":"Chris Nugent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-7902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Nugent","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-7902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066997490","display_name":"Enayetur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-1859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enayetur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-1859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083736097","display_name":"Judit Barabas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judit Barabas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-1412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011581903","display_name":"Paul Maguire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Maguire","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-4647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIBEC Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100460917","https://openalex.org/A5101625188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4083,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80383294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"308","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11243","display_name":"Respiratory viral infections research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11243","display_name":"Respiratory viral infections research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7141386270523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5994113683700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.5946597456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5004894733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4939931035041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4336322247982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.41394442319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34705740213394165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7141386270523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5994113683700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.5946597456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5004894733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4939931035041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4336322247982025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.41394442319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34705740213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097813","descriptor_name":"Coping Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097813","descriptor_name":"Coping Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097813","descriptor_name":"Coping Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097813","descriptor_name":"Coping Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014780","descriptor_name":"Viruses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/308/pdf?version=1704373941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38203170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/6eec00c4-ed81-46e5-9312-94b3d576a284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/6eec00c4-ed81-46e5-9312-94b3d576a284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Huang, J-D, Wang, H, Power, U, McLaughlin, J A, Nugent, C, Rahman, E, Barabas, J & Maguire, P 2024, 'Detecting Respiratory Viruses Using a Portable NIR Spectrometer\u2014A Preliminary Exploration with a Data Driven Approach', Sensors, vol. 24, no. 1, 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:openaire/6510e0f5-d7f5-45f6-9644-9a107946d6fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/6510e0f5-d7f5-45f6-9644-9a107946d6fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Huang, J-D, Wang, H, Power, U, McLaughlin, J A, Nugent, C, Rahman, E, Barabas, J & Maguire, P 2024, 'Detecting respiratory viruses using a portable NIR spectrometer - a preliminary exploration with a data driven approach', Sensors, vol. 24, no. 1, 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781395","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781395/pdf/sensors-24-00308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4e62522523d417e81c4050a368886c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4e62522523d417e81c4050a368886c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 308 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:32298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-0559>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010308","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/308/pdf?version=1704373941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5592401531","display_name":"VIPIRS - Virus Identification via Portable InfraRed Spectroscopy","funder_award_id":"EP/V026488/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390589374.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569114583","https://openalex.org/W1582684391","https://openalex.org/W1809227307","https://openalex.org/W1985258161","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W2006766288","https://openalex.org/W2010242857","https://openalex.org/W2012358846","https://openalex.org/W2016090370","https://openalex.org/W2045125597","https://openalex.org/W2049002177","https://openalex.org/W2056073190","https://openalex.org/W2058870545","https://openalex.org/W2080756248","https://openalex.org/W2089069118","https://openalex.org/W2096062275","https://openalex.org/W2097057782","https://openalex.org/W2098722265","https://openalex.org/W2107984877","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2113454941","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2143788139","https://openalex.org/W2158863190","https://openalex.org/W2466429515","https://openalex.org/W2782098519","https://openalex.org/W2804530867","https://openalex.org/W2807326971","https://openalex.org/W2897534618","https://openalex.org/W2947281083","https://openalex.org/W3001638293","https://openalex.org/W3007104924","https://openalex.org/W3008801544","https://openalex.org/W3013117035","https://openalex.org/W3013776441","https://openalex.org/W3014222358","https://openalex.org/W3015310656","https://openalex.org/W3030003181","https://openalex.org/W3036229468","https://openalex.org/W3046419643","https://openalex.org/W3092144083","https://openalex.org/W3108003003","https://openalex.org/W3132115846","https://openalex.org/W3147852132","https://openalex.org/W3157227130","https://openalex.org/W3160063135","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4388297464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W1584537303","https://openalex.org/W1872724644","https://openalex.org/W2750549761","https://openalex.org/W4388155270","https://openalex.org/W28826848","https://openalex.org/W2122272819","https://openalex.org/W4367156293","https://openalex.org/W2130894091","https://openalex.org/W2994151208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Respiratory":[0],"viruses'":[1],"detection":[2,136],"is":[3,24],"vitally":[4],"important":[5],"in":[6,50,63,174,244],"coping":[7],"with":[8,108,183,199,322,329],"pandemics":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"COVID-19.":[12],"Conventional":[13],"methods":[14,98],"typically":[15],"require":[16],"laboratory-based,":[17],"high-cost":[18],"equipment.":[19],"An":[20],"emerging":[21],"alternative":[22],"method":[23],"Near-Infrared":[25],"(NIR)":[26],"spectroscopy,":[27],"especially":[28],"a":[29,104,112,131,153,159,192,211,337],"portable":[30,154,318],"one":[31,255,301],"of":[32,39,45,94,115,124,137,167,202,207,213,242,248,257,267,295,316],"the":[33,37,76,84,92,101,109,116,125,135,142,148,171,189,200,203,238,253,264,296,306,314,333],"type":[34],"that":[35,111],"has":[36],"benefits":[38],"low":[40,70],"cost,":[41],"portability,":[42],"rapidity,":[43],"ease":[44],"use,":[46],"and":[47,53,72,86,147,178,223,228,252,272,280,285,305,332],"mass":[48],"deployability":[49],"both":[51],"clinical":[52],"field":[54],"settings.":[55],"One":[56],"obstacle":[57,106],"to":[58,99,121,187,191,325],"its":[59,64,179],"effective":[60],"application":[61],"lies":[62],"common":[65,139],"limitations,":[66],"which":[67],"include":[68],"relatively":[69],"specificity":[71],"general":[73],"quality.":[74],"Characteristically,":[75],"spectra":[77],"curves":[78],"show":[79],"an":[80,165,258],"interweaving":[81],"feature":[82],"for":[83,225,237,250,261,277,290,298,302,308,340],"virus-present":[85],"virus-absent":[87],"samples.":[88],"This":[89,128],"then":[90],"provokes":[91],"idea":[93],"using":[95,152,210,293,317],"machine":[96,117,160,323],"learning":[97,118,161,324],"overcome":[100,188],"difficulty.":[102],"While":[103],"subsequent":[105],"coincides":[107],"fact":[110],"direct":[113],"deployment":[114],"approaches":[119],"leads":[120],"inadequate":[122],"accuracy":[123,218,266],"modelling":[126,241],"results.":[127],"paper":[129],"presents":[130],"data-driven":[132],"study":[133],"on":[134],"two":[138,294],"respiratory":[140,143,327],"viruses,":[141],"syncytial":[144],"virus":[145,150],"(RSV)":[146],"Sendai":[149],"(SEV),":[151,271,284],"NIR":[155,319],"spectrometer":[156],"supported":[157],"by":[158,164],"solution":[162,339],"enhanced":[163],"algorithm":[166,206],"variable":[168,184,208],"selection":[169],"via":[170],"Variable":[172],"Importance":[173],"Projection":[175],"(VIP)":[176],"scores":[177],"Quantile":[180],"value,":[181],"along":[182],"truncation":[185],"processing,":[186],"obstacles":[190],"certain":[193],"extent.":[194],"We":[195],"conducted":[196],"extensive":[197],"experiments":[198],"aid":[201],"specifically":[204],"developed":[205],"selection,":[209],"total":[212],"four":[214],"datasets,":[215],"achieving":[216],"classification":[217],"of:":[219],"(1)":[220],"0.88,":[221],"0.94,":[222],"0.93":[224,283],"RSV,":[226],"SEV,":[227,231],"RSV":[229],"+":[230,275,288],"respectively,":[232],"averaged":[233],"over":[234],"multiple":[235],"runs,":[236],"neural":[239],"network":[240],"taking":[243],"turn":[245],"3":[246],"sessions":[247],"data":[249],"training":[251],"remaining":[254],"session":[256],"'unknown'":[259],"dataset":[260],"testing.":[262,310],"(2)":[263],"average":[265],"0.94":[268],"(RSV),":[269,282],"0.97":[270,273],"(RSV":[274,287],"SEV)":[276,289],"model":[278,291,299,303,309],"validation":[279,304],"0.90":[281],"0.91":[286],"testing,":[292],"datasets":[297],"training,":[300],"other":[307],"These":[311],"results":[312],"demonstrate":[313],"feasibility":[315],"spectroscopy":[320],"coupled":[321],"detect":[326],"viruses":[328],"good":[330],"accuracy,":[331],"approach":[334],"could":[335],"be":[336],"viable":[338],"population":[341],"screening.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
