{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390510266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010273","title":"A Novel Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Method Based on MFCC and RACNN","display_name":"A Novel Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Method Based on MFCC and RACNN","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390510266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/273/pdf?version=1704201248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/273/pdf?version=1704201248","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573421","display_name":"Dali Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dali Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-1563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101804437","display_name":"Hongyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-8640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-8640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044250240","display_name":"Weimin Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-1151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weimin Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077461906","display_name":"Baozhu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baozhu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044250240","https://openalex.org/A5101573421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727","https://openalex.org/I34155123"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":11.1679,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98958207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"273","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.7961747050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7440594434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6613660454750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6347314715385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6063628196716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6024665832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5630980730056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5443917512893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5207950472831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.520329475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5049689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.44848549365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustics","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","score":0.4103473424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4088950753211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07835394144058228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.7961747050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7440594434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6613660454750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6347314715385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6063628196716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6024665832519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5630980730056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5443917512893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5207950472831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.520329475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5049689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.44848549365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67467970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292425","display_name":"Underwater acoustics","level":3,"score":0.4103473424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4088950753211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07835394144058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/273/pdf?version=1704201248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38203134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781205","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781205/pdf/sensors-24-00273.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d111706642244da9d43d88212f355ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d111706642244da9d43d88212f355ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 273 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010273","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/273/pdf?version=1704201248","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390510266.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553707528","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1980274578","https://openalex.org/W2054585582","https://openalex.org/W2097645910","https://openalex.org/W2109820980","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2466903746","https://openalex.org/W2555107250","https://openalex.org/W2794574871","https://openalex.org/W2964856508","https://openalex.org/W2967719571","https://openalex.org/W2970065770","https://openalex.org/W2971495930","https://openalex.org/W2977897970","https://openalex.org/W3000068084","https://openalex.org/W3093961233","https://openalex.org/W3113162495","https://openalex.org/W3128103512","https://openalex.org/W3136465594","https://openalex.org/W3158291757","https://openalex.org/W3194650931","https://openalex.org/W3213256753","https://openalex.org/W4220773081","https://openalex.org/W4225139539","https://openalex.org/W4286543838","https://openalex.org/W4303926856","https://openalex.org/W4312443329","https://openalex.org/W4313855655","https://openalex.org/W4380680548","https://openalex.org/W6847883985","https://openalex.org/W6848935649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081304190","https://openalex.org/W2477841276","https://openalex.org/W4225540233","https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W2325565661","https://openalex.org/W2556643280","https://openalex.org/W2344578948","https://openalex.org/W46613192","https://openalex.org/W2363597014","https://openalex.org/W1510681752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"ocean":[1,19],"remote":[2],"sensing":[3],"missions,":[4],"recognizing":[5],"an":[6,60,153],"underwater":[7,42,142],"acoustic":[8,32,43],"target":[9],"is":[10,81,128],"a":[11,54,72,112],"crucial":[12],"technology":[13],"for":[14,38,64,74,84],"conducting":[15],"marine":[16],"biological":[17],"surveys,":[18],"explorations,":[20],"and":[21,56,66,94,118,166],"other":[22,167],"scientific":[23],"activities":[24],"that":[25,116,148],"take":[26],"place":[27],"in":[28,86],"water.":[29],"The":[30],"complex":[31],"propagation":[33],"characteristics":[34],"present":[35],"significant":[36],"challenges":[37],"the":[39,50,68,105,121,141,149,159],"recognition":[40,164],"of":[41,53,71,88,123,130,134,140,156],"targets":[44],"(UATR).":[45],"Methods":[46],"such":[47],"as":[48],"extracting":[49,131],"DEMON":[51],"spectrum":[52],"signal":[55,73],"inputting":[57],"it":[58],"into":[59],"artificial":[61],"neural":[62,114],"network":[63,115,127],"recognition,":[65,75],"fusing":[67],"multidimensional":[69],"features":[70,133],"have":[76],"been":[77],"proposed.":[78],"However,":[79],"there":[80],"still":[82],"room":[83],"improvement":[85],"terms":[87],"noise":[89],"immunity,":[90],"improved":[91],"computational":[92],"performance,":[93],"reduced":[95],"reliance":[96],"on":[97,158],"specialized":[98],"knowledge.":[99],"this":[101],"article,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"Residual":[106],"Attentional":[107],"Convolutional":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network":[110],"(RACNN),":[111],"convolutional":[113],"quickly":[117],"accurately":[119],"recognize":[120],"type":[122],"ship-radiated":[124,143],"noise.":[125,144],"This":[126],"capable":[129],"internal":[132],"Mel":[135],"Frequency":[136],"Cepstral":[137],"Coefficients":[138],"(MFCC)":[139],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"proposed":[150],"model":[151],"achieves":[152],"overall":[154],"accuracy":[155],"99.34%":[157],"ShipsEar":[160],"dataset,":[161],"surpassing":[162],"conventional":[163],"methods":[165],"deep":[168],"learning":[169],"models.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
