{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390411359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010197","title":"A Novel CNN Model for Classification of Chinese Historical Calligraphy Styles in Regular Script Font","display_name":"A Novel CNN Model for Classification of Chinese Historical Calligraphy Styles in Regular Script Font","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390411359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010197","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/197/pdf?version=1703810263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/197/pdf?version=1703810263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087875790","display_name":"Qing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8877-4267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and the Arts, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and the Arts, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724521","display_name":"Michael Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6019-1035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093410278","display_name":"Dan Agustin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Agustin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Railway Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9609-9577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Railway Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006274056","display_name":"Lily D. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-2389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lily Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-2389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088051535","display_name":"Meena Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meena Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087875790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.406,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92564034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"197","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14254","display_name":"Digital Media and Visual Art","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"Calligraphy","score":0.9764996767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.8976967334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.7062561511993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.6259888410568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6148990392684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.6075356006622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5886457562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5796225666999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.4924856126308441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48120835423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3863796889781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.26208752393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.1953265368938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.16495001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08315670490264893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526940114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12681","display_name":"Calligraphy","level":3,"score":0.9764996767044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.8976967334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.7062561511993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.6259888410568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6148990392684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6075356006622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5886457562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5796225666999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.4924856126308441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48120835423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3863796889781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.26208752393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.1953265368938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.16495001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08315670490264893}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/197/pdf?version=1703810263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38203059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781260","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781260/pdf/sensors-24-00197.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61fa41b5340946fda8f84852bdee1acc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61fa41b5340946fda8f84852bdee1acc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 197 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27146799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_novel_CNN_model_for_classification_of_Chinese_historical_calligraphy_styles_in_regular_script_font/27146799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010197","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/197/pdf?version=1703810263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390411359.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2107990299","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117731089","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2283094357","https://openalex.org/W2537773590","https://openalex.org/W2579289014","https://openalex.org/W2896447961","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2924197051","https://openalex.org/W2936503027","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2979811391","https://openalex.org/W3032318421","https://openalex.org/W3093657173","https://openalex.org/W3181841154","https://openalex.org/W3189775455","https://openalex.org/W3206791760","https://openalex.org/W3208544541","https://openalex.org/W4210773761","https://openalex.org/W4290717512","https://openalex.org/W4308105785","https://openalex.org/W4321373744","https://openalex.org/W6695681539","https://openalex.org/W6798234638","https://openalex.org/W6802001841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388970091","https://openalex.org/W2368382255","https://openalex.org/W2367871479","https://openalex.org/W2386251578","https://openalex.org/W2350576333","https://openalex.org/W2385290378","https://openalex.org/W4245020003","https://openalex.org/W2353807867","https://openalex.org/W2372545222","https://openalex.org/W4387336402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chinese":[0,88,184],"calligraphy,":[1],"revered":[2],"globally":[3],"for":[4,135,145,180],"its":[5,187],"therapeutic":[6],"and":[7,23,65,138,172,186],"mindfulness":[8],"benefits,":[9],"encompasses":[10],"styles":[11,39,96,144],"such":[12],"as":[13],"regular":[14,33,111,131],"(Kai":[15,114],"Shu),":[16,19,22],"running":[17],"(Xing":[18],"official":[20],"(Li":[21],"cursive":[24],"(Cao":[25],"Shu)":[26,115],"scripts.":[27],"Beginners":[28],"often":[29],"start":[30],"with":[31],"the":[32,80,85,92,98,106,109,128,162,167,178],"script,":[34],"advancing":[35],"to":[36,52],"more":[37],"intricate":[38],"like":[40],"cursive.":[41],"Each":[42],"style,":[43,132],"marked":[44],"by":[45],"unique":[46],"historical":[47],"calligraphy":[48,61,95,157,185],"contributions,":[49],"requires":[50],"learners":[51],"discern":[53],"distinct":[54],"nuances.":[55],"The":[56,140],"integration":[57],"of":[58,82,87,121,130,164,169],"AI":[59],"in":[60,84,156,166,183],"analysis,":[62],"collection,":[63],"recognition,":[64],"classification":[66,86],"is":[67],"pivotal.":[68],"This":[69,175],"study":[70],"introduces":[71],"an":[72],"innovative":[73],"convolutional":[74],"neural":[75],"network":[76],"(CNN)":[77],"architecture,":[78],"pioneering":[79],"application":[81],"CNN":[83,136,165],"calligraphy.":[89],"Focusing":[90],"on":[91],"four":[93],"principal":[94],"from":[97,124],"Tang":[99],"dynasty":[100],"(690-907":[101],"A.D.),":[102],"this":[103],"research":[104,176],"spotlights":[105],"era":[107],"when":[108],"traditional":[110],"script":[112],"font":[113,171],"was":[116,133],"refined.":[117],"A":[118],"comprehensive":[119],"dataset":[120],"8282":[122],"samples":[123],"these":[125],"calligraphers,":[126],"representing":[127],"zenith":[129],"compiled":[134],"training":[137],"testing.":[139],"model":[141],"distinguishes":[142],"personal":[143],"classification,":[146,158],"showing":[147],"superior":[148],"performance":[149],"over":[150],"existing":[151],"networks.":[152],"Achieving":[153],"89.5-96.2%":[154],"accuracy":[155],"our":[159],"approach":[160],"underscores":[161],"significance":[163],"categorization":[168],"both":[170],"artistic":[173],"styles.":[174],"paves":[177],"way":[179],"advanced":[181],"studies":[182],"cultural":[188],"implications.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}