{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390235625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010121","title":"Joint Beamforming and Phase Shifts Design for RIS-Aided Multi-User Full-Duplex Systems in Smart Cities","display_name":"Joint Beamforming and Phase Shifts Design for RIS-Aided Multi-User Full-Duplex Systems in Smart Cities","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390235625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010121","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38202983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/121/pdf?version=1703587507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/121/pdf?version=1703587507","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002652777","display_name":"Kunbei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-940X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunbei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101803494","display_name":"Bin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6245-1081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642221","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-0779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101541728","display_name":"Cheng Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-6917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147322","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nytyj38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101803494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147322"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7987,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72938988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"121","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7553771734237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6811630725860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6787712574005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5796265006065369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5608761310577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5444175004959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4609734117984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.44606322050094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3797015845775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3665487766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3273876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31318074464797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2429085671901703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24155926704406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17584466934204102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7553771734237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6811630725860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6787712574005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5796265006065369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5608761310577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5444175004959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4609734117984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44606322050094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3797015845775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3665487766265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3273876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31318074464797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2429085671901703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24155926704406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17584466934204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/121/pdf?version=1703587507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38202983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38202983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781251","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781251/pdf/sensors-24-00121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ee718eb73254473b07d9498c329738e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ee718eb73254473b07d9498c329738e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 121 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010121","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/121/pdf?version=1703587507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390235625.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990322756","https://openalex.org/W1994125924","https://openalex.org/W2167443349","https://openalex.org/W2540344053","https://openalex.org/W2587494249","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2913285031","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2955133642","https://openalex.org/W2963504849","https://openalex.org/W2965337571","https://openalex.org/W2978330116","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2982819838","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3011952645","https://openalex.org/W3034225812","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3088210200","https://openalex.org/W3094182345","https://openalex.org/W3094186382","https://openalex.org/W3098923864","https://openalex.org/W3112253059","https://openalex.org/W3118326706","https://openalex.org/W3135725526","https://openalex.org/W3154846188","https://openalex.org/W3181798789","https://openalex.org/W3183168981","https://openalex.org/W3200448151","https://openalex.org/W3202620893","https://openalex.org/W3203242018","https://openalex.org/W4206540884","https://openalex.org/W4220960152","https://openalex.org/W4225663377","https://openalex.org/W4225911954","https://openalex.org/W4226153432","https://openalex.org/W4285108462","https://openalex.org/W4288391441","https://openalex.org/W4292826030","https://openalex.org/W4294068592","https://openalex.org/W4312273415","https://openalex.org/W4320067132","https://openalex.org/W4366492952","https://openalex.org/W4380763440","https://openalex.org/W4381735824","https://openalex.org/W4386601277","https://openalex.org/W4388658676","https://openalex.org/W6784652838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W1989270073","https://openalex.org/W2122807322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-duplex":[0],"(FD)":[1],"and":[2,80,86,108,114,127,178],"reconfigurable":[3],"intelligent":[4],"surface":[5],"(RIS)":[6],"are":[7],"potential":[8],"technologies":[9],"for":[10,29,155],"achieving":[11],"wireless":[12],"communication":[13],"effectively.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"in":[16,36,60,88,187,197],"theory,":[17],"the":[18,30,44,50,55,69,83,97,105,111,137,142,162,165,174,180,185,194],"RIS-aided":[19],"FD":[20,56],"system":[21],"is":[22,169,190],"supposed":[23],"to":[24,104,135],"enhance":[25],"spectral":[26],"efficiency":[27],"significantly":[28],"ubiquitous":[31],"Internet":[32],"of":[33,47,54,144,150,164],"Things":[34],"devices":[35],"smart":[37],"cities.":[38],"However,":[39],"this":[40],"technology":[41],"additionally":[42],"induces":[43],"loop-interference":[45],"(LI)":[46],"RIS":[48,151],"on":[49],"residual":[51,84],"self-interference":[52],"(SI)":[53],"base":[57],"station,":[58],"especially":[59],"complicated":[61],"urban":[62,91,198],"outdoor":[63,92,199],"environments,":[64],"which":[65],"will":[66],"somewhat":[67],"counterbalance":[68],"performance":[70,163],"benefit.":[71],"Inspired":[72],"by":[73],"this,":[74],"we":[75,95,120,147],"first":[76],"establish":[77],"an":[78],"objective":[79],"constraints":[81],"considering":[82],"SI":[85],"LI":[87],"two":[89,101,189],"typical":[90],"scenarios.":[93],"Then,":[94],"decompose":[96],"original":[98],"problem":[99],"into":[100],"subproblems":[102,138],"according":[103],"variable":[106],"types":[107],"jointly":[109],"design":[110,154],"beamforming":[112],"matrices":[113],"phase":[115,152],"shifts":[116,153],"vector":[117],"methods.":[118],"Specifically,":[119],"propose":[121],"a":[122,128],"successive":[123],"convex":[124],"approximation":[125],"algorithm":[126,168],"soft":[129],"actor-critic":[130],"deep":[131],"reinforcement":[132],"learning-related":[133],"scheme":[134],"solve":[136],"alternately.":[139],"To":[140],"prove":[141],"effectiveness":[143],"our":[145],"proposal,":[146],"introduce":[148],"benchmarks":[149],"comparison.":[156],"The":[157],"simulation":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"low-complexity":[166],"proposed":[167],"only":[170],"slightly":[171],"lower":[172],"than":[173],"exhaustive":[175],"search":[176],"method":[177],"outperforms":[179],"fixed-point":[181],"iteration":[182],"scheme.":[183],"Moreover,":[184],"proposal":[186],"scenario":[188],"more":[191],"outstanding,":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"application":[195],"predominance":[196],"environments.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
