{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390176006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010091","title":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for a Random Sparse Linear Array Based on a Graph Neural Network","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for a Random Sparse Linear Array Based on a Graph Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390176006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010091","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38202952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/91/pdf?version=1703325074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/91/pdf?version=1703325074","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076832136","display_name":"Yiye Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9818-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiye Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9818-3451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376456","display_name":"Miao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113080111","display_name":"Shihua Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihua Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108825465","display_name":"M. H. Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingkun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tung Thih Electron Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tung Thih Electron Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039995701","display_name":"Yixiong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-3298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-3298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100376456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9354,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74077718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6809598207473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5931819677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5562599897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.5172103643417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.514288604259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42779821157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.41973716020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4129924774169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26945796608924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.19669610261917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0858728289604187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6809598207473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5931819677352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5562599897384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5172103643417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.514288604259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42779821157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.41973716020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4129924774169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26945796608924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19669610261917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0858728289604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/91/pdf?version=1703325074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38202952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38202952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10781210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10781210","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10781210/pdf/sensors-24-00091.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad43fe8a2c4243f78552c35180c54f15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad43fe8a2c4243f78552c35180c54f15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 91 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24010091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010091","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/1/91/pdf?version=1703325074","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2006777341","display_name":"\u9762\u54115G\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u8fd1\u573a\u65e0\u7ebf\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u5927\u578b\u9635\u5217\u5929\u7ebf\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390176006.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994477821","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2100068253","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2118297240","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2295783691","https://openalex.org/W2328318052","https://openalex.org/W2534518344","https://openalex.org/W2545293734","https://openalex.org/W2584180403","https://openalex.org/W2784799208","https://openalex.org/W2793941540","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2962834855","https://openalex.org/W3080716055","https://openalex.org/W3102256131","https://openalex.org/W3103163183","https://openalex.org/W3157506437","https://openalex.org/W4211136489","https://openalex.org/W4226117483","https://openalex.org/W4282836373","https://openalex.org/W4288441238","https://openalex.org/W4292070422","https://openalex.org/W4292977357","https://openalex.org/W4294310090","https://openalex.org/W4308878366","https://openalex.org/W4312193904","https://openalex.org/W4321021226","https://openalex.org/W6795140394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145715554","https://openalex.org/W3126608168","https://openalex.org/W2050134757","https://openalex.org/W1632916574","https://openalex.org/W2613919114","https://openalex.org/W2142834316","https://openalex.org/W1989876652","https://openalex.org/W2156321216","https://openalex.org/W2048250263","https://openalex.org/W2577667433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,66],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,9,16,179],"direction-of-arrival":[4],"(DOA)":[5],"estimation":[6,123,156],"algorithm":[7,152,177],"for":[8,103,112,187],"random":[10,50],"sparse":[11,51,100],"linear":[12,52,101],"array":[13,170],"based":[14,143],"on":[15,96,125,144],"novel":[17],"graph":[18],"neural":[19],"network":[20],"(GNN).":[21],"Unlike":[22],"convolutional":[23,145],"layers":[24],"and":[25,63,99,108,137,168,184],"fully":[26,147],"connected":[27,148],"layers,":[28],"which":[29],"do":[30],"not":[31],"interact":[32],"well":[33],"with":[34,127],"information":[35,57],"between":[36],"different":[37],"antennas,":[38],"the":[39,45,68,80,88,91,97,117,159,176],"GNN":[40,118],"model":[41,69,81,119],"can":[42],"adapt":[43],"to":[44,86],"goniometry":[46],"problem":[47],"of":[48,90,110,162],"non-uniform":[49],"arrays":[53,102,126],"without":[54],"any":[55],"prior":[56],"by":[58,134],"applying":[59],"neighbor":[60],"nodes'":[61],"aggregation":[62],"update":[64],"operations.":[65],"helps":[67],"in":[70,82],"learning":[71,141],"signal":[72],"features":[73],"under":[74,158],"complex":[75,160],"environmental":[76],"conditions.":[77],"We":[78,114],"train":[79],"an":[83],"end-to-end":[84],"way":[85],"reduce":[87],"complexity":[89],"network.":[92],"Experiments":[93],"are":[94],"conducted":[95],"uniform":[98],"various":[104],"signal-to-noise":[105,166],"ratio":[106],"(SNR)":[107],"numbers":[109],"snapshots":[111],"comparison.":[113],"prove":[115],"that":[116,130,189],"has":[120,178],"superior":[121],"angle":[122],"performance":[124,157],"large":[128,169],"sparsity":[129,171],"cannot":[131],"be":[132],"used":[133],"traditional":[135],"algorithms":[136],"surpasses":[138],"existing":[139],"deep":[140],"models":[142],"or":[146],"structures.":[149],"The":[150],"proposed":[151],"shows":[153],"excellent":[154],"DOA":[155],"conditions":[161],"limited":[163],"snapshots,":[164],"low":[165,180,191],"ratio,":[167],"as":[172],"well.":[173],"In":[174],"addition,":[175],"time":[181],"calculation":[182],"cost":[183],"is":[185],"suitable":[186],"scenarios":[188],"require":[190],"latency.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
