{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389544548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249731","title":"Revisiting Classical Controller Design and Tuning with Genetic Programming","display_name":"Revisiting Classical Controller Design and Tuning with Genetic Programming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389544548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38139576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9731/pdf?version=1702113865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9731/pdf?version=1702113865","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671550","display_name":"Carlos A. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5473-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos A. Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044922710","display_name":"Manel Velasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-3063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manel Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090952399","display_name":"Cecilio \u00c1ngulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-8199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cecilio Angulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035831255","display_name":"Pau Mart\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pau Marti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061814615","display_name":"Antonio Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0673-6452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Electronics Systems, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090952399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67722772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"24","first_page":"9731","last_page":"9731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.715061366558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5884358286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5428684949874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5084072947502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4951755106449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4799968898296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4798938035964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-design-process","display_name":"Engineering design process","score":0.4228341579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36368200182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18583723902702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1705956757068634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.715061366558075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5884358286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5428684949874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5084072947502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4951755106449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4799968898296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4798938035964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.4228341579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36368200182914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18583723902702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1705956757068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9731/pdf?version=1702113865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38139576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38139576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/399081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38139576/","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/d935c9da-e021-4827-9fee-83f4595a61e1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10748320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10748320","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10748320/pdf/sensors-23-09731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:066ce4f8803b4d5083cdb13bfdbff293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/066ce4f8803b4d5083cdb13bfdbff293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 24, p 9731 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9731/pdf?version=1702113865","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389544548.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46849891","https://openalex.org/W47112972","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1598457486","https://openalex.org/W1965782313","https://openalex.org/W1974554323","https://openalex.org/W1989881354","https://openalex.org/W2025762040","https://openalex.org/W2035783367","https://openalex.org/W2036075214","https://openalex.org/W2047983719","https://openalex.org/W2073792618","https://openalex.org/W2109042184","https://openalex.org/W2111543574","https://openalex.org/W2113475831","https://openalex.org/W2119240672","https://openalex.org/W2119833845","https://openalex.org/W2133354309","https://openalex.org/W2136466105","https://openalex.org/W2137015070","https://openalex.org/W2138111302","https://openalex.org/W2139538543","https://openalex.org/W2147538718","https://openalex.org/W2147847186","https://openalex.org/W2161380834","https://openalex.org/W2295810641","https://openalex.org/W2319438549","https://openalex.org/W2480780673","https://openalex.org/W2505815630","https://openalex.org/W2588475010","https://openalex.org/W2888828170","https://openalex.org/W2916858558","https://openalex.org/W2919136861","https://openalex.org/W3001411145","https://openalex.org/W3013163434","https://openalex.org/W3021971089","https://openalex.org/W3033607383","https://openalex.org/W3097982101","https://openalex.org/W3160613840","https://openalex.org/W3182169610","https://openalex.org/W3188611834","https://openalex.org/W3201976123","https://openalex.org/W4200145926","https://openalex.org/W4237923790","https://openalex.org/W4283220765","https://openalex.org/W4310873500","https://openalex.org/W6601893370","https://openalex.org/W6638722092","https://openalex.org/W6676279030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626808643","https://openalex.org/W2004064826","https://openalex.org/W3103727510","https://openalex.org/W3143779693","https://openalex.org/W97045569","https://openalex.org/W2968285896","https://openalex.org/W4293054118","https://openalex.org/W2348021072","https://openalex.org/W1871370349","https://openalex.org/W2000675896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,63,109],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,12,29,46,69,75,79,86,115,120,129,153,162],"application":[4],"of":[5,17,31,78,100,112,119,131,140,174],"a":[6,21,97,157,167,172],"genetic":[7],"programming":[8],"(GP)-based":[9],"method":[10],"for":[11,160],"automated":[13],"design":[14,70,164],"and":[15,55,106,117,146],"tuning":[16],"process":[18,71],"controllers,":[19],"representing":[20],"noteworthy":[22],"advancement":[23],"in":[24,45,123],"artificial":[25],"intelligence":[26],"(AI)":[27],"within":[28,82],"realm":[30],"control":[32,175],"engineering.":[33],"In":[34,148],"contrast":[35],"to":[36,95,142,170],"already":[37],"existing":[38],"work,":[39],"our":[40,132,150],"GP-based":[41,121,133,154],"approach":[42,122,155],"operates":[43],"exclusively":[44],"time":[47],"domain,":[48],"incorporating":[49],"differential":[50],"operations":[51,113],"such":[52],"as":[53,156],"derivatives":[54],"integrals":[56],"without":[57],"necessitating":[58],"intermediate":[59],"inverse":[60],"Laplace":[61],"transformations.":[62],"unique":[64],"feature":[65],"not":[66],"only":[67],"simplifies":[68],"but":[72],"also":[73],"ensures":[74],"practical":[76],"implementability":[77],"generated":[80],"controllers":[81],"physical":[83],"systems.":[84],"Notably,":[85],"GP's":[87],"functional":[88],"set":[89,111],"extends":[90],"beyond":[91],"basic":[92],"arithmetic":[93],"operators":[94],"include":[96],"rich":[98],"repertoire":[99],"mathematical":[101],"operations,":[102],"encompassing":[103],"trigonometric,":[104],"exponential,":[105],"logarithmic":[107],"functions.":[108],"broad":[110],"enhances":[114],"flexibility":[116],"adaptability":[118],"controller":[124,163],"design.":[125],"To":[126],"rigorously":[127],"assess":[128],"efficacy":[130],"approach,":[134],"we":[135],"conducted":[136],"an":[137],"extensive":[138],"series":[139],"tests":[141],"determine":[143],"its":[144],"limits":[145],"capabilities.":[147],"summary,":[149],"research":[151],"establishes":[152],"promising":[158],"solution":[159],"automating":[161],"process,":[165],"offering":[166],"transformative":[168],"tool":[169],"address":[171],"spectrum":[173],"problems":[176],"across":[177],"various":[178],"engineering":[179],"applications.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}