{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389545502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249720","title":"Improving the Robustness of Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Based on the Energy Center of Gravity Rearrangement","display_name":"Improving the Robustness of Time Difference of Arrival Estimation Based on the Energy Center of Gravity Rearrangement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389545502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249720","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38139566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9720/pdf?version=1702099802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9720/pdf?version=1702099802","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028057131","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2880-4485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2880-4485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039647899","display_name":"Hongyuan Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taizhou Institute of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 225300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taizhou Institute of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 225300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743347","display_name":"Zhiyong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-8271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358624","display_name":"Zhao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-500X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100743347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47406581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"24","first_page":"9720","last_page":"9720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9061188697814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5887184739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5607424974441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5311048626899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.47646498680114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33219805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2509348392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.15063107013702393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9061188697814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5887184739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5607424974441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5311048626899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47646498680114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33219805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2509348392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.15063107013702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9720/pdf?version=1702099802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38139566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38139566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10747976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10747976","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10747976/pdf/sensors-23-09720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac21247823bf4d74974ccf51f289718e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac21247823bf4d74974ccf51f289718e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 24, p 9720 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23249720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249720","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/24/9720/pdf?version=1702099802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389545502.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974015496","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2096763807","https://openalex.org/W2886284388","https://openalex.org/W2990592830","https://openalex.org/W3001211194","https://openalex.org/W3006437996","https://openalex.org/W3015050567","https://openalex.org/W3036707275","https://openalex.org/W3045276361","https://openalex.org/W3048103527","https://openalex.org/W3086090633","https://openalex.org/W3090551936","https://openalex.org/W3120948671","https://openalex.org/W3138951337","https://openalex.org/W3172122549","https://openalex.org/W3210000718","https://openalex.org/W4205817860","https://openalex.org/W4205992948","https://openalex.org/W4206177121","https://openalex.org/W4206711804","https://openalex.org/W4210617686","https://openalex.org/W4214675977","https://openalex.org/W4214764211","https://openalex.org/W4221040502","https://openalex.org/W4221136055","https://openalex.org/W4224289596","https://openalex.org/W4225010574","https://openalex.org/W4280606908","https://openalex.org/W4283771330","https://openalex.org/W4285802685","https://openalex.org/W4287148284","https://openalex.org/W4289825122","https://openalex.org/W4311176571","https://openalex.org/W4319597720","https://openalex.org/W4322707047","https://openalex.org/W4381684816","https://openalex.org/W6792288290","https://openalex.org/W6802709639","https://openalex.org/W6806595112","https://openalex.org/W6850293818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380293945","https://openalex.org/W1974812937","https://openalex.org/W1500522817","https://openalex.org/W3095239554","https://openalex.org/W1972023576","https://openalex.org/W3212409750","https://openalex.org/W4387088887","https://openalex.org/W2072053180","https://openalex.org/W1541088746","https://openalex.org/W3042809276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"accurate":[1,250],"estimation":[2,30,43,140,191,223],"of":[3,7,27,40,44,58,68,129,141,152,168,180,220],"the":[4,25,28,38,41,56,65,72,81,101,113,116,130,142,149,153,165,169,174,181,196,201,218,221,226,243,252],"time":[5,59,66,79,102,123,143,208],"difference":[6,67,103,209],"arrival":[8,69],"(TDOA)":[9],"is":[10,109,145,161,192,214],"crucial":[11],"in":[12,50,96],"localization,":[13],"communication,":[14],"and":[15,171,237,249],"navigation.":[16],"However,":[17],"a":[18,138,158,188,206],"low":[19],"signal-to-noise":[20],"ratio":[21],"(SNR)":[22],"can":[23],"decrease":[24],"reliability":[26],"TDOA":[29,42,190,222],"result.":[31],"Therefore,":[32],"this":[33,97],"study":[34,54],"aims":[35],"to":[36,111,163,216],"improve":[37,217],"performance":[39],"dual-channel":[45],"sensors":[46],"for":[47],"single-sound":[48],"sources":[49],"low-SNR":[51],"environments.":[52],"This":[53],"introduces":[55],"theory":[57],"rearrangement":[60,104,159],"synchrosqueezing":[61,105,211],"transform":[62,106,212],"(TRST)":[63],"into":[64],"estimation.":[70],"While":[71],"background":[73,117],"noise":[74,118],"TF":[75,166,175,203,227],"points":[76,85,167,176],"show":[77,241],"random":[78],"delays,":[80],"signal":[82,114,170],"time-frequency":[83],"(TF)":[84],"originating":[86],"from":[87,115],"uniform":[88],"directions":[89],"that":[90,242],"exhibit":[91],"identical":[92],"lags":[93],"are":[94,185,233,246],"considered":[95],"study.":[98],"In":[99],"addition,":[100],"(TDST)":[107],"algorithm":[108,132,213],"developed":[110],"separate":[112,164],"by":[119,147,194,224,235],"exploiting":[120],"its":[121],"distinct":[122],"delay":[124,144],"characteristics.":[125],"The":[126,230,239],"implementation":[127],"process":[128],"proposed":[131,215,231,244],"includes":[133],"four":[134],"main":[135],"steps.":[136],"First,":[137],"rough":[139],"performed":[146],"calculating":[148],"partial":[150],"derivative":[151],"short-time":[154],"cross-power":[155],"spectrum.":[156],"Second,":[157],"operation":[160],"conducted":[162],"noise.":[172],"Third,":[173],"on":[177,200],"both":[178],"sides":[179],"time-delay":[182],"energy":[183,228],"ridge":[184],"extracted.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"refined":[189],"realized":[193],"applying":[195],"inverse":[197],"Fourier":[198],"transformation":[199],"extracted":[202],"points.":[204],"Furthermore,":[205],"second-order-based":[207],"reassigned":[210],"robustness":[219],"enhancing":[225],"aggregation.":[229],"algorithms":[232,245],"verified":[234],"simulations":[236],"experiments.":[238],"results":[240],"more":[247],"robust":[248],"than":[251],"existing":[253],"algorithms.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
