{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389286128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239593","title":"B\u00e9zierCE: Low-Light Image Enhancement via Zero-Reference B\u00e9zier Curve Estimation","display_name":"B\u00e9zierCE: Low-Light Image Enhancement via Zero-Reference B\u00e9zier Curve Estimation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389286128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239593","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9593/pdf?version=1701596751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9593/pdf?version=1701596751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051059110","display_name":"Xianjie Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-0003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119868032","display_name":"Shanxi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e9f5362","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119868032"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjie Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-0003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119868032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101856240","display_name":"Kai Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101150720","display_name":"Lei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8498-6405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sciences, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sciences, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076398875","display_name":"Jinming Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076398875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69276692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9593","last_page":"9593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.717809796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6670345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b\u00e9zier-curve","display_name":"B\u00e9zier curve","score":0.6245368719100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6204794645309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5791149735450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5615789890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5379550457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5169331431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.45618027448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43007582426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4279690980911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3833533823490143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.27214962244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2521917223930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1123809814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10697552561759949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.717809796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6670345664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206423108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214728","display_name":"B\u00e9zier curve","level":2,"score":0.6245368719100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6204794645309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5791149735450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5615789890289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5379550457000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5169331431388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.45618027448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43007582426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4279690980911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3833533823490143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.27214962244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2521917223930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1123809814453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10697552561759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9593/pdf?version=1701596751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708629","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708629/pdf/sensors-23-09593.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c1b3eea39f14a96a6d2dfb94df18f37","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c1b3eea39f14a96a6d2dfb94df18f37","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9593 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9593/pdf?version=1701596751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2120451363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12101378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806467975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210302124548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8479737569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021BQ10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389286128.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986086122","https://openalex.org/W1987444808","https://openalex.org/W1990675808","https://openalex.org/W2011260964","https://openalex.org/W2054814429","https://openalex.org/W2055438706","https://openalex.org/W2058333183","https://openalex.org/W2061501622","https://openalex.org/W2076205488","https://openalex.org/W2081140338","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2116973876","https://openalex.org/W2118002060","https://openalex.org/W2121900453","https://openalex.org/W2134576786","https://openalex.org/W2139375301","https://openalex.org/W2141704978","https://openalex.org/W2150461190","https://openalex.org/W2150721269","https://openalex.org/W2254039850","https://openalex.org/W2468596194","https://openalex.org/W2566376500","https://openalex.org/W2594112328","https://openalex.org/W2601040106","https://openalex.org/W2607202125","https://openalex.org/W2783399029","https://openalex.org/W2783573276","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2791071401","https://openalex.org/W2889625055","https://openalex.org/W2948354154","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2970680552","https://openalex.org/W2981718299","https://openalex.org/W2981847167","https://openalex.org/W2998131124","https://openalex.org/W3000708267","https://openalex.org/W3034347506","https://openalex.org/W3034895805","https://openalex.org/W3035731588","https://openalex.org/W3042993386","https://openalex.org/W3083040138","https://openalex.org/W3101584909","https://openalex.org/W3119456559","https://openalex.org/W3121661546","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3134649899","https://openalex.org/W3154123740","https://openalex.org/W3159196909","https://openalex.org/W3174792937","https://openalex.org/W3203313153","https://openalex.org/W3204374989","https://openalex.org/W3206516528","https://openalex.org/W4200292189","https://openalex.org/W4220782498","https://openalex.org/W4288053791","https://openalex.org/W4312156328","https://openalex.org/W4312597286","https://openalex.org/W4319300038","https://openalex.org/W4360619419","https://openalex.org/W4376631567","https://openalex.org/W4385066178","https://openalex.org/W4386364276","https://openalex.org/W6665943038","https://openalex.org/W6762215367","https://openalex.org/W6772750526","https://openalex.org/W6791576295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313232378","https://openalex.org/W2389575128","https://openalex.org/W2873344491","https://openalex.org/W1903555144","https://openalex.org/W2357871848","https://openalex.org/W2165642858","https://openalex.org/W2372035321","https://openalex.org/W2956876562","https://openalex.org/W388904218","https://openalex.org/W4385391169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,59,70,89,109,155],"problems":[2],"such":[3,72],"as":[4,73],"the":[5,46,61,98,111,120,124],"shooting":[6],"light,":[7],"viewing":[8],"angle,":[9],"and":[10,22,65,78,133,150,170],"camera":[11],"equipment,":[12],"low-light":[13,33,136,157],"images":[14,34,64,91],"with":[15],"low":[16],"contrast,":[17],"color":[18],"distortion,":[19],"high":[20],"noise,":[21],"unclear":[23],"details":[24],"can":[25,57],"be":[26],"seen":[27],"regularly":[28],"in":[29,127],"real":[30],"scenes.":[31],"These":[32],"will":[35,42],"not":[36],"only":[37],"affect":[38,45],"our":[39,163],"observation":[40],"but":[41],"also":[43],"greatly":[44],"performance":[47],"of":[48,63,114,123,147],"computer":[49,74],"vision":[50],"processing":[51],"algorithms.":[52],"Low-light":[53],"image":[54,137],"enhancement":[55,138],"technology":[56],"help":[58],"improve":[60],"quality":[62],"make":[66,152],"them":[67],"more":[68],"applicable":[69],"fields":[71],"vision,":[75],"machine":[76],"learning,":[77],"artificial":[79],"intelligence.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"a":[86,104,115],"novel":[87],"method":[88,164],"enhance":[90],"through":[92,139],"B\u00e9zier":[93,100,125,140],"curve":[94,101,141],"estimation.":[95],"We":[96],"estimate":[97],"pixel-level":[99],"by":[102],"training":[103],"deep":[105],"neural":[106],"network":[107],"(BCE-Net)":[108],"adjust":[110],"dynamic":[112],"range":[113],"given":[116],"image.":[117],"Based":[118],"on":[119],"good":[121],"properties":[122],"curve,":[126],"that":[128,162],"it":[129,153],"is":[130,143],"smooth,":[131],"continuous,":[132],"differentiable":[134],"everywhere,":[135],"mapping":[142],"effective.":[144],"The":[145],"advantages":[146],"BCE-Net's":[148],"brevity":[149],"zero-reference":[151],"generalizable":[154],"other":[156],"conditions.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experiments":[160],"show":[161],"outperforms":[165],"existing":[166],"methods":[167],"both":[168],"qualitatively":[169],"quantitatively.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
