{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389221712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239562","title":"Analysis of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Visible-Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy","display_name":"Analysis of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Visible-Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389221712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239562","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239562","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9562/pdf?version=1701441662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9562/pdf?version=1701441662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113285179","display_name":"Lina Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104249024","display_name":"Leijinyu Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leijinyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101392244","display_name":"Hongbo Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024724939","display_name":"Lijuan Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059871374","display_name":"Jinsheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-5147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113557913","display_name":"Jianlei Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianlei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104082165","display_name":"Limei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Limei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104082165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.6914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83044417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9562","last_page":"9562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium","display_name":"Cadmium","score":0.892180323600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactuca","display_name":"Lactuca","score":0.7294196486473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-edge","display_name":"Red edge","score":0.7224264144897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"Chlorophyll","score":0.5552501082420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.517073929309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling","display_name":"Seedling","score":0.5141961574554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.4828920364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.3441106379032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10933911800384521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.892180323600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578052","display_name":"Lactuca","level":2,"score":0.7294196486473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776388979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3422640","display_name":"Red edge","level":3,"score":0.7224264144897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.5552501082420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.517073929309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.5141961574554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4828920364379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3441106379032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10933911800384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002734","descriptor_name":"Chlorophyll","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002734","descriptor_name":"Chlorophyll","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002734","descriptor_name":"Chlorophyll","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002734","descriptor_name":"Chlorophyll","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lettuce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lettuce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lettuce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018545","descriptor_name":"Lactuca","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239562","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9562/pdf?version=1701441662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708773","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708773/pdf/sensors-23-09562.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8f5674245d64aa3b0bee46bb420d643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8f5674245d64aa3b0bee46bb420d643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9562 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239562","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9562/pdf?version=1701441662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389221712.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2192622390","https://openalex.org/W2317200742","https://openalex.org/W2354314142","https://openalex.org/W2365158761","https://openalex.org/W2368721151","https://openalex.org/W2409287379","https://openalex.org/W2549423164","https://openalex.org/W2596367119","https://openalex.org/W2622340452","https://openalex.org/W2743966436","https://openalex.org/W3011531216","https://openalex.org/W3024417479","https://openalex.org/W3095932483","https://openalex.org/W3115914462","https://openalex.org/W4288801178","https://openalex.org/W4313890977","https://openalex.org/W4320523694","https://openalex.org/W4404645411","https://openalex.org/W6713917973","https://openalex.org/W6777185263","https://openalex.org/W7006605198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379163632","https://openalex.org/W2360012045","https://openalex.org/W2388922981","https://openalex.org/W2021885642","https://openalex.org/W2248627318","https://openalex.org/W2376588297","https://openalex.org/W2043993394","https://openalex.org/W2021467912","https://openalex.org/W2368863167","https://openalex.org/W2359719722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,181,225],"rapidly":[3],"and":[4,11,34,51,59,68,87,99,145,148,185,193,217,255],"accurately":[5],"monitor":[6],"cadmium":[7,19,32,46,66,82,107,115,200,253],"contamination":[8,254],"in":[9,48,72,109,123,202,236,259],"lettuce":[10,17,21,43,74,203,237],"understand":[12],"the":[13,25,45,49,52,65,73,110,124,130,134,143,153,171,175,186,199,209,214,218,221,232,243],"growth":[14,37,146],"conditions":[15],"of":[16,31,42,64,84,96,177,189,213,220],"under":[18],"pollution,":[20],"is":[22,76],"used":[23],"as":[24],"test":[26],"material.":[27],"Under":[28],"different":[29,36],"concentrations":[30,83,95],"stress":[33,118],"at":[35],"stages,":[38],"relative":[39,69,91,103,233],"chlorophyll":[40,70,92,104,234,257],"content":[41,47,67,71,108,201,235,258],"leaves,":[44,50],"visible-near":[53,244],"infrared":[54,245],"reflectance":[55],"spectra":[56],"are":[57],"detected":[58],"analyzed.":[60],"An":[61],"inversion":[62],"model":[63,165,172,206],"leaves":[75,111],"established.":[77],"The":[78,106,156,205],"results":[79],"indicate":[80],"that":[81,170,242],"1":[85],"mg/kg":[86,89,98,101],"5":[88],"promote":[90],"content,":[93],"while":[94,133],"10":[97],"20":[100],"inhibit":[102],"content.":[105],"increases":[112],"with":[113],"increasing":[114],"concentrations.":[116],"Cadmium":[117],"caused":[119],"a":[120,139,149,161],"\"blue":[121,140,162],"shift\"":[122,141,151],"red":[125,135,178,190,215,226],"edge":[126,179,183,191,195,216],"position":[127,137,159],"only":[128],"during":[129,142,152],"mature":[131,154],"period,":[132],"valley":[136],"underwent":[138],"seedling":[144],"periods":[147],"\"red":[150],"period.":[155],"green":[157,223],"peak":[158,222],"exhibited":[160],"shift\".":[163],"After":[164],"validation,":[166],"it":[167],"was":[168],"found":[169],"constructed":[173],"using":[174,208],"ratio":[176,219],"area":[180,184,192,196],"yellow":[182,194],"normalized":[187,210],"values":[188],"effectively":[197,230],"estimated":[198],"leaves.":[204,238],"established":[207],"vegetation":[211],"index":[212],"value":[224],"shoulder":[227],"amplitude":[228],"can":[229],"estimate":[231],"This":[239],"study":[240],"demonstrates":[241],"spectroscopy":[246],"technique":[247],"holds":[248],"great":[249],"potential":[250],"for":[251],"monitoring":[252],"estimating":[256],"lettuce.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2023-12-02T00:00:00"}