{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389051369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239403","title":"Reduced CPU Workload for Human Pose Detection with the Aid of a Low-Resolution Infrared Array Sensor on Embedded Systems","display_name":"Reduced CPU Workload for Human Pose Detection with the Aid of a Low-Resolution Infrared Array Sensor on Embedded Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389051369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9403/pdf?version=1700906782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9403/pdf?version=1700906782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036855957","display_name":"Marcos G. Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-7325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcos G. Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7877-7325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067741637","display_name":"Gen-Lang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gen-Lang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819099","display_name":"Kang Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083192820","display_name":"Guanghui Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Hui Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036855957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.4885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60495473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9403","last_page":"9403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7488331198692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6405807137489319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5490735173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.4580515921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4481050372123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42801836133003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41657620668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.395878404378891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3630766272544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08611634373664856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7488331198692322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6405807137489319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5490735173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.4580515921115875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4481050372123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42801836133003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41657620668411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.395878404378891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3630766272544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08611634373664856}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9403/pdf?version=1700906782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708851","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708851/pdf/sensors-23-09403.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d395c93747394ef4bde1a0f21007ab2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d395c93747394ef4bde1a0f21007ab2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9403 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239403","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9403/pdf?version=1700906782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389051369.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389051369.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996440509","https://openalex.org/W2106990937","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2131036894","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2976584998","https://openalex.org/W3049558495","https://openalex.org/W4232212680","https://openalex.org/W4283692130","https://openalex.org/W4308274124","https://openalex.org/W4319066565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"embedded":[1,53],"systems":[2,54],"have":[3],"achieved":[4],"relatively":[5,72],"high":[6,73],"processing":[7],"power.":[8],"They":[9],"can":[10,46],"be":[11,47],"used":[12,57,122],"for":[13,29,32,58],"edge":[14],"computing":[15],"and":[16,23,34,42,55,61,103,107,165,198],"computer":[17,177],"vision,":[18],"where":[19],"data":[20,35],"are":[21,56],"collected":[22],"processed":[24],"locally,":[25],"without":[26],"the":[27,86,90,100,125,139,162,171,183,206],"need":[28],"network":[30],"communication":[31],"decision-making":[33],"analysis":[36],"purposes.":[37],"Face":[38],"detection,":[39],"face":[40],"recognition,":[41],"pose":[43,129],"detection":[44,130,164],"algorithms":[45],"executed":[48],"with":[49,82,89,154,190],"acceptable":[50],"performance":[51],"on":[52],"home":[59],"security":[60],"monitoring.":[62],"However,":[63],"popular":[64],"machine":[65],"learning":[66],"frameworks,":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"MediaPipe,":[70],"require":[71],"usage":[74],"of":[75,127,149,167],"CPU":[76,97,185],"while":[77],"running,":[78],"even":[79],"when":[80,138],"idle":[81],"no":[83],"subject":[84,145],"in":[85,146,170,181,188,205],"scene.":[87],"Combined":[88],"still":[91],"present":[92],"false":[93,196],"detections,":[94,197],"this":[95,112],"wastes":[96],"time,":[98],"elevates":[99],"power":[101,203],"consumption":[102],"overall":[104],"system":[105],"temperature,":[106],"generates":[108],"unnecessary":[109],"data.":[110],"In":[111],"study,":[113],"a":[114,143,168],"low-cost":[115],"low-resolution":[116],"infrared":[117],"thermal":[118,140,172],"sensor":[119],"array":[120],"was":[121,158],"to":[123,201],"control":[124],"execution":[126],"MediaPipe's":[128,195],"algorithm":[131,153],"using":[132],"single-board":[133],"computers,":[134],"which":[135,160],"only":[136],"runs":[137],"camera":[141],"detects":[142],"possible":[144],"its":[147],"field":[148],"view.":[150],"A":[151],"lightweight":[152],"several":[155],"filtering":[156],"layers":[157],"developed,":[159],"allowed":[161],"effective":[163,180],"isolation":[166],"person":[169],"image.":[173],"The":[174],"resulting":[175],"hybrid":[176],"vision":[178],"proved":[179],"reducing":[182],"average":[184],"workload,":[186],"especially":[187],"environments":[189],"low":[191],"activity,":[192],"almost":[193],"eliminating":[194],"reaching":[199],"up":[200],"30%":[202],"saving":[204],"best-case":[207],"scenario.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}