{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389056896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239395","title":"Joint Object Detection and Re-Identification for 3D Obstacle Multi-Camera Systems","display_name":"Joint Object Detection and Re-Identification for 3D Obstacle Multi-Camera Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389056896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239395","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9395/pdf?version=1701069465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9395/pdf?version=1701069465","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082527457","display_name":"Irene Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irene Cort\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003277964","display_name":"Jorge Beltr\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5966-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Beltr\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory, Telematics, and Computer Science, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Telematics, and Computer Science, Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042213241","display_name":"Arturo de la Escalera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo de la Escalera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081249956","display_name":"Fernando Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082527457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44022649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9395","last_page":"9395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7524253129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6906825304031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6852579116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6760075688362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6470426321029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6296135783195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6016040444374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5768385529518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5228605270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48654904961586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.4659624397754669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44339776039123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4385480284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.41781699657440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3686456084251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27109527587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.18421480059623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09239006042480469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7524253129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6906825304031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6852579116821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6760075688362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6470426321029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6296135783195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6016040444374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5768385529518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5228605270385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48654904961586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.4659624397754669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44339776039123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4385480284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41781699657440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3686456084251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27109527587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.18421480059623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09239006042480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9395/pdf?version=1701069465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708695","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708695/pdf/sensors-23-09395.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:052222778d7b40c0a458f2086b28723e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/052222778d7b40c0a458f2086b28723e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9395 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/26965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/26965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9395/pdf?version=1701069465","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389056896.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1669576939","https://openalex.org/W2135442311","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2470322391","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2791851026","https://openalex.org/W2951517617","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963769056","https://openalex.org/W2963901085","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964121718","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3040318838","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3115999419","https://openalex.org/W3120409519","https://openalex.org/W3120910864","https://openalex.org/W3171887460","https://openalex.org/W3209102426","https://openalex.org/W4214736485","https://openalex.org/W4253845128","https://openalex.org/W4293252630","https://openalex.org/W4372333090","https://openalex.org/W4381802257","https://openalex.org/W4382466543","https://openalex.org/W4387092319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,155],"growing":[1],"on-board":[2],"processing":[3],"capabilities":[4],"have":[5],"led":[6],"to":[7,16],"more":[8],"complex":[9],"sensor":[10],"configurations,":[11],"enabling":[12],"autonomous":[13,202],"car":[14],"prototypes":[15],"expand":[17],"their":[18],"operational":[19],"scope.":[20],"Nowadays,":[21],"the":[22,67,80,84,101,108,125,135,143,149,152,189],"joint":[23],"use":[24],"of":[25,69,103,151,173,178,191],"LiDAR":[26],"data":[27],"and":[28,35,83,133,145,195],"multiple":[29],"cameras":[30,120],"is":[31,89],"almost":[32],"a":[33,104,170],"standard":[34],"poses":[36],"new":[37],"challenges":[38],"for":[39,180,201],"existing":[40],"multi-modal":[41],"perception":[42],"pipelines,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"dealing":[46],"with":[47],"contradictory":[48],"or":[49],"redundant":[50],"detections":[51],"caused":[52],"by":[53],"inference":[54],"on":[55],"overlapping":[56],"images.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,63,97],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,99,168],"address":[62],"last":[64],"issue":[65],"in":[66,79,176,182,198],"context":[68],"sequential":[70],"schemes":[71],"like":[72],"F-PointNets,":[73],"where":[74],"object":[75],"candidates":[76],"are":[77],"obtained":[78],"image":[81],"space,":[82],"final":[85],"3D":[86,126,146],"bounding":[87],"box":[88,127],"then":[90],"inferred":[91],"from":[92,118],"point":[93],"cloud":[94],"information.":[95],"To":[96],"end,":[98],"propose":[100],"inclusion":[102],"re-identification":[105,196],"branch":[106],"into":[107],"2D":[109,144],"detector,":[110],"i.e.,":[111],"Faster":[112],"R-CNN,":[113],"so":[114],"that":[115,158],"objects":[116],"seen":[117],"adjacent":[119],"can":[121],"be":[122],"handled":[123],"before":[124],"estimation":[128],"takes":[129],"place,":[130],"removing":[131],"duplicates":[132],"completing":[134],"object's":[136],"cloud.":[137],"Extensive":[138],"experimental":[139],"evaluations":[140],"covering":[141],"both":[142],"domains":[147],"affirm":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"suggested":[153],"methodology.":[154],"findings":[156],"indicate":[157],"our":[159,192],"approach":[160],"outperforms":[161],"conventional":[162],"Non-Maximum":[163],"Suppression":[164],"(NMS)":[165],"methods.":[166],"Particularly,":[167],"observed":[169],"significant":[171],"gain":[172],"over":[174],"5%":[175],"terms":[177],"accuracy":[179],"cars":[181],"camera":[183],"overlap":[184],"regions.":[185],"These":[186],"results":[187],"highlight":[188],"potential":[190],"upgraded":[193],"detection":[194],"system":[197],"practical":[199],"scenarios":[200],"driving.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}