{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388939509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","title":"Large-Scale Multicast Group Secure Transmission Scheme Based on Multi-Carrier FDA","display_name":"Large-Scale Multicast Group Secure Transmission Scheme Based on Multi-Carrier FDA","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388939509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9358/pdf?version=1700739688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9358/pdf?version=1700739688","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042732459","display_name":"Dan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-8135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032241456","display_name":"Yuqi Fei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040424617","display_name":"Jianbang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-4155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455764","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113015881","display_name":"Guowang Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181903023","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c7js64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guowang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113015881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181903023"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23054853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9358","last_page":"9358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.9473931789398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-specific-multicast","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","score":0.7181262969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7096941471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcast","display_name":"Xcast","score":0.6250506043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5622058510780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-independent-multicast","display_name":"Protocol Independent Multicast","score":0.5273666977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multicast","display_name":"Secure multicast","score":0.4984560012817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49807310104370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatic-general-multicast","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","score":0.4868595004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.48457252979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.4187600612640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4086042046546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19338184595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15479037165641785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.9473931789398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18787934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565105","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","level":3,"score":0.7181262969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7096941471099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3823050","display_name":"Xcast","level":3,"score":0.6250506043434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5622058510780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44892269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782752","display_name":"Protocol Independent Multicast","level":3,"score":0.5273666977882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776147584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711392","display_name":"Secure multicast","level":5,"score":0.4984560012817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49807310104370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112037812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107523","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","level":4,"score":0.4868595004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.48457252979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.4187600612640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4086042046546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19338184595108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15479037165641785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9358/pdf?version=1700739688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708702","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708702/pdf/sensors-23-09358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2dbd7d11278845e480d65e094653aa6d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2dbd7d11278845e480d65e094653aa6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9358 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/23/9358/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239358","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9358/pdf?version=1700739688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8307861872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22JK0508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327407","display_name":"Xi'an Shiyou University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388939509.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1957358593","https://openalex.org/W2033540008","https://openalex.org/W2052898460","https://openalex.org/W2157646602","https://openalex.org/W2887924588","https://openalex.org/W2905045035","https://openalex.org/W2916589698","https://openalex.org/W2942582850","https://openalex.org/W2967282136","https://openalex.org/W3037135841","https://openalex.org/W3037646551","https://openalex.org/W3105108969","https://openalex.org/W4205530179","https://openalex.org/W4207080334","https://openalex.org/W4283734924","https://openalex.org/W4285305542","https://openalex.org/W4319459035","https://openalex.org/W4367054096","https://openalex.org/W4387624003","https://openalex.org/W6839098587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371847117","https://openalex.org/W80466176","https://openalex.org/W1528315273","https://openalex.org/W4321384965","https://openalex.org/W2161099791","https://openalex.org/W2382754013","https://openalex.org/W2114210083","https://openalex.org/W2016444326","https://openalex.org/W2659348321","https://openalex.org/W2370065598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"the":[2,5,16,25,38,42,50,58,69,74,80,84,87,99,111,123,130,135,144,150,154,162,169],"problem":[3],"that":[4,129],"traditional":[6],"physical":[7,45],"layer":[8,46,64],"technology":[9],"cannot":[10],"realize":[11,134],"secure":[12,39,136,170],"transmission":[13,30,40,52],"due":[14],"to":[15,68,121],"large":[17],"number":[18,88,100],"of":[19,41,62,72,89,101,138,164,172],"users":[20,90,139,152],"and":[21,34,110,115,147,158],"wide":[22],"dispersion":[23],"in":[24,83,91,143],"multicast":[26,43,94,105,151,174],"system,":[27],"a":[28,35,92,104],"layered":[29],"method":[31,132],"is":[32,47,55,65,96,108],"proposed,":[33],"scheme":[36],"for":[37],"group":[44,95],"designed.":[48],"Firstly,":[49],"hierarchical":[51],"system":[53],"model":[54],"established.":[56],"Then,":[57],"array":[59],"weighted":[60],"vector":[61],"each":[63],"optimized":[66],"according":[67],"design":[70],"criterion":[71],"maximizing":[73],"artificial":[75],"noise":[76],"interference":[77],"power.":[78],"At":[79],"same":[81,145,155],"time,":[82],"case":[85],"where":[86],"single":[93],"greater":[97],"than":[98],"transmitting":[102],"antennas,":[103],"grouping":[106],"strategy":[107],"introduced,":[109],"singular":[112],"value":[113],"decomposition":[114],"Lagrange":[116],"multiplier":[117],"algorithms":[118],"are":[119],"utilized":[120],"obtain":[122],"optimal":[124],"solution.":[125],"Simulation":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"proposed":[131],"can":[133,148],"communication":[137,171],"with":[140,153],"different":[141,159],"distances":[142,160],"direction":[146,156],"distinguish":[149],"angle":[157],"under":[161],"premise":[163],"mutual":[165],"non-interference,":[166],"thus":[167],"realizing":[168],"large-scale":[173],"users.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
