{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388859818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","title":"Hyperspectral Analysis for Discriminating Herbicide Site of Action: A Novel Approach for Accelerating Herbicide Research","display_name":"Hyperspectral Analysis for Discriminating Herbicide Site of Action: A Novel Approach for Accelerating Herbicide Research","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388859818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9300/pdf?version=1700550404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9300/pdf?version=1700550404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103250265","display_name":"Zhongzhong Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1777-7694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzhong Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052104716","display_name":"Tanzeel U. Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzeel Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075791592","display_name":"Julie M. Young","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028844500","display_name":"William G. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9145-1058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026854803","display_name":"Takayuki Yokoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139235422","display_name":"Sumitomo Chemical (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03nyxmy82","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139235422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113000","display_name":"Takara (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/021m54z79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113000"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Yokoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","Health and Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka 665-8555, Hyogo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health and Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Takarazuka 665-8555, Hyogo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139235422","https://openalex.org/I4210113000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043092907","display_name":"Bryan G. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745788","display_name":"Jian Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-966X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100745788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.7029,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94193999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"23","first_page":"9300","last_page":"9300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12795","display_name":"Banana Cultivation and Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8630633354187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.5004873275756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"Weed control","score":0.44965696334838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3899296522140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.36644139885902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3544636368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35039037466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2176777422428131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.15285411477088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.10770496726036072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8630633354187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.5004873275756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.44965696334838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3899296522140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.36644139885902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3544636368751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35039037466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2176777422428131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.15285411477088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10770496726036072}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006540","descriptor_name":"Herbicides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006540","descriptor_name":"Herbicides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006540","descriptor_name":"Herbicides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006540","descriptor_name":"Herbicides","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053209","descriptor_name":"Herbicide Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053209","descriptor_name":"Herbicide Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053209","descriptor_name":"Herbicide Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053209","descriptor_name":"Herbicide Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058728","descriptor_name":"Weed Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058728","descriptor_name":"Weed Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058728","descriptor_name":"Weed Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058728","descriptor_name":"Weed Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9300/pdf?version=1700550404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38067672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10708448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10708448","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708448/pdf/sensors-23-09300.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:fund-1232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/fund/231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b1c1f9a93fc40ab86371d18734c1ef7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b1c1f9a93fc40ab86371d18734c1ef7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 23, p 9300 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/23/9300/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23239300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9300/pdf?version=1700550404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2559952465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21024563","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317107","funder_display_name":"Sumitomo Chemical"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317107","display_name":"Sumitomo Chemical","ror":"https://ror.org/03nyxmy82"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388859818.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657318105","https://openalex.org/W1987097445","https://openalex.org/W1989966205","https://openalex.org/W1990315022","https://openalex.org/W1997649572","https://openalex.org/W2013491486","https://openalex.org/W2019033896","https://openalex.org/W2071765628","https://openalex.org/W2080221742","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2127972744","https://openalex.org/W2148333466","https://openalex.org/W2168798781","https://openalex.org/W2169914701","https://openalex.org/W2176912986","https://openalex.org/W2229588945","https://openalex.org/W2488858316","https://openalex.org/W2534284564","https://openalex.org/W2546710009","https://openalex.org/W2606669148","https://openalex.org/W2744156441","https://openalex.org/W2791254153","https://openalex.org/W2895672507","https://openalex.org/W2896851400","https://openalex.org/W2921581423","https://openalex.org/W2972865121","https://openalex.org/W2972896126","https://openalex.org/W2999059668","https://openalex.org/W3023817947","https://openalex.org/W3043010835","https://openalex.org/W3139239079","https://openalex.org/W3165739532","https://openalex.org/W3184124035","https://openalex.org/W4211036332","https://openalex.org/W4308868780","https://openalex.org/W4380611302","https://openalex.org/W6723073022","https://openalex.org/W6889143170"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W3201212491","https://openalex.org/W4380767732","https://openalex.org/W3211006270","https://openalex.org/W4245858792","https://openalex.org/W2059191372","https://openalex.org/W3161605631","https://openalex.org/W4247744717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"agricultural":[1],"weed":[2],"management,":[3],"herbicides":[4,88],"are":[5],"indispensable,":[6],"yet":[7],"innovation":[8],"in":[9,36,55,67,158,181],"their":[10],"modes":[11],"of":[12,29,44,52,59,78,112,124,142,165,178,201,231,242],"action":[13,30,79],"(MOA)-the":[14],"general":[15],"mechanisms":[16],"affecting":[17],"plant":[18,104],"processes-has":[19],"slowed.":[20],"A":[21],"finer":[22],"classification":[23,85],"within":[24],"MOA":[25,204],"is":[26,110],"the":[27,32,50,56,69,113,127,132,140,172,185,199,208,228,240],"site":[28],"(SOA),":[31],"specific":[33],"biochemical":[34],"pathway":[35],"plants":[37],"targeted":[38],"by":[39,73],"herbicides.":[40],"The":[41,145],"primary":[42],"objectives":[43],"this":[45],"study":[46,128,186],"were":[47,92],"to":[48,63,116,130,198,218,224,234,238],"evaluate":[49],"efficacy":[51],"hyperspectral":[53,118,190,222],"imaging":[54,98,119],"early":[57],"detection":[58],"herbicide":[60,70,76,134,143,203,212,226,232,243],"stress":[61,135],"and":[62,126,138,175,205],"assess":[64],"its":[65],"potential":[66],"accelerating":[68],"development":[71],"process":[72],"identifying":[74],"unique":[75,90],"sites":[77],"(SOA).":[80],"Employing":[81],"a":[82,102,121,150],"novel":[83],"SOA":[84],"method,":[86],"eight":[87],"with":[89,101,152,155,193,211],"SOAs":[91],"examined":[93],"via":[94],"an":[95,162],"automated,":[96],"high-throughput":[97],"system":[99],"equipped":[100],"conveyor-based":[103],"transportation":[105],"at":[106],"Purdue":[107],"University.":[108],"This":[109],"one":[111],"earliest":[114,133],"trials":[115],"test":[117],"on":[120,149],"large":[122],"number":[123],"herbicides,":[125],"aimed":[129],"explore":[131],"detection/classification":[136],"date":[137,219],"accelerate":[139,239],"speed":[141],"development.":[144,244],"final":[146],"models,":[147],"trained":[148],"dataset":[151],"nine":[153],"treatments":[154],"320":[156],"samples":[157],"two":[159],"rounds,":[160],"achieved":[161],"overall":[163],"accuracy":[164],"81.5%":[166],"1":[167],"day":[168],"after":[169],"treatment.":[170],"With":[171],"high-precision":[173],"models":[174],"rapid":[176],"screening":[177],"numerous":[179],"compounds":[180],"only":[182],"7":[183],"days,":[184],"results":[187],"suggest":[188],"that":[189],"technology":[191,223],"combined":[192],"machine":[194],"learning":[195],"can":[196],"contribute":[197],"discovery":[200],"new":[202],"help":[206],"address":[207],"challenges":[209],"associated":[210],"resistance.":[213],"Although":[214],"no":[215],"public":[216],"research":[217],"has":[220],"used":[221],"classify":[225],"SOA,":[227],"successful":[229],"evaluation":[230],"damage":[233],"crops":[235],"provides":[236],"hope":[237],"progress":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}