{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388729707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","title":"Second Harmonic Modulation for Ultrasonic Signals Based on the Design of the Phononic Crystal Filter","display_name":"Second Harmonic Modulation for Ultrasonic Signals Based on the Design of the Phononic Crystal Filter","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388729707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9227/pdf?version=1700139569","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9227/pdf?version=1700139569","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758329","display_name":"Yue Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-6037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110790801","display_name":"Youxuan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youxuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062023137","display_name":"Peng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-734X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-734X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110790801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8744,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6799308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"22","first_page":"9227","last_page":"9227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7081137895584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6801645159721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.661011815071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.5615306496620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","score":0.5106766819953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.4839613735675812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4776286482810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.4754573702812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.46715134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45457667112350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4421474039554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.43799158930778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-filter","display_name":"Electronic filter","score":0.4262593388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3570423722267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28901606798171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14769750833511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1361575424671173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13369405269622803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7081137895584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6801645159721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.661011815071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5615306496620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.5106766819953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.4839613735675812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4776286482810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.4754573702812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46715134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45457667112350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4421474039554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.43799158930778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132237922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327754","display_name":"Electronic filter","level":3,"score":0.4262593388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3570423722267151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28901606798171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14769750833511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1361575424671173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13369405269622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9227/pdf?version=1700139569","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38005613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10675146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10675146","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10675146/pdf/sensors-23-09227.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22308681ba544a5a9d55ef2b30fc5790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22308681ba544a5a9d55ef2b30fc5790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 22, p 9227 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/22/9227/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9227/pdf?version=1700139569","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388729707.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1802081001","https://openalex.org/W1988948086","https://openalex.org/W2013060121","https://openalex.org/W2013572035","https://openalex.org/W2018040355","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2036187607","https://openalex.org/W2040701462","https://openalex.org/W2074935613","https://openalex.org/W2115202104","https://openalex.org/W2155582963","https://openalex.org/W2255440643","https://openalex.org/W2337083997","https://openalex.org/W2513628298","https://openalex.org/W2703298506","https://openalex.org/W2737960535","https://openalex.org/W2743350293","https://openalex.org/W2791797779","https://openalex.org/W2967161223","https://openalex.org/W2983767919","https://openalex.org/W3007570775","https://openalex.org/W3016094611","https://openalex.org/W3024978718","https://openalex.org/W3044219225","https://openalex.org/W3087223302","https://openalex.org/W3094650125","https://openalex.org/W3111745985","https://openalex.org/W3112116135","https://openalex.org/W3114558787","https://openalex.org/W3128723625","https://openalex.org/W3157441364","https://openalex.org/W3168103709","https://openalex.org/W3184216286","https://openalex.org/W3198807409","https://openalex.org/W3201118381","https://openalex.org/W3213002228","https://openalex.org/W4200068805","https://openalex.org/W4206411581","https://openalex.org/W4210445796","https://openalex.org/W4210805475","https://openalex.org/W4220666821","https://openalex.org/W4220979463","https://openalex.org/W4322502983","https://openalex.org/W4323568094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767051368","https://openalex.org/W890166521","https://openalex.org/W2465306490","https://openalex.org/W2352912787","https://openalex.org/W2017474573","https://openalex.org/W2082653230","https://openalex.org/W2907148260","https://openalex.org/W1995414748","https://openalex.org/W3119722270","https://openalex.org/W14343735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonlinear":[0],"ultrasonic":[1,35,57],"non-destructive":[2],"testing":[3],"(NDT)":[4],"is":[5,37,80,89,109,117],"a":[6,39,112],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"method":[9,54,104,116],"for":[10,105],"detecting":[11],"micro-damages":[12],"in":[13,41,55],"various":[14],"materials":[15],"and":[16,23,29,59,98,127],"structures":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,70,119],"its":[20],"high":[21],"sensitivity":[22],"directional":[24],"capability.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,49,61,64,83,87,92,102,121,125,130],"extraction":[28],"modulation":[30,52],"of":[31,63,86,124,132],"extremely":[32],"weak":[33],"nonlinear":[34,56],"signals":[36],"quite":[38],"challenge":[40],"practical":[42],"applications.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"this":[45,72,133],"paper":[46],"focuses":[47],"on":[48],"second":[50],"harmonic":[51],"signal":[53],"NDT":[58],"proposes":[60],"design":[62,103,134],"phononic":[65],"crystal":[66],"filter":[67,88,126],"(PC":[68],"filter)":[69],"achieve":[71],"filtering":[73,84,122],"function.":[74],"Through":[75],"finite":[76,114],"element":[77,115],"simulations,":[78],"it":[79],"demonstrated":[81],"that":[82],"frequency":[85],"influenced":[90],"by":[91],"structural":[93],"configuration,":[94],"material":[95],"wave":[96],"speed,":[97],"geometric":[99],"characteristics.":[100],"Then,":[101],"cubic":[106],"PC":[107],"filters":[108],"established.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"time-domain":[113],"introduced":[118],"verify":[120],"ability":[123],"further":[128],"validate":[129],"rationality":[131],"approach.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
