{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388524381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229076","title":"Electromyographic Validation of Spontaneous Facial Mimicry Detection Using Automated Facial Action Coding","display_name":"Electromyographic Validation of Spontaneous Facial Mimicry Detection Using Automated Facial Action Coding","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388524381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229076","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9076/pdf?version=1699579815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9076/pdf?version=1699579815","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003026062","display_name":"Chun\u2010Ting Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115057","display_name":"Kyoto Research Park","ror":"https://ror.org/028807987","country_code":"JP","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115057"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ting Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-6642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115057"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043769542","display_name":"Wataru Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-1272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115057","display_name":"Kyoto Research Park","ror":"https://ror.org/028807987","country_code":"JP","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115057"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wataru Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-1272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychological Process Research Team, Guardian Robot Project, RIKEN, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115057"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003026062","https://openalex.org/A5043769542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115057"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.1003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9431878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"22","first_page":"9076","last_page":"9076"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimicry","display_name":"Mimicry","score":0.8874083757400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-muscles","display_name":"Facial muscles","score":0.7431949377059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-coding-system","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","score":0.6826185584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6269395351409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6262458562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-electromyography","display_name":"Facial electromyography","score":0.6136444807052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.5869457721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5358210206031799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4721370339393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4689860939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-method","display_name":"Automated method","score":0.419586181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4157561659812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.376409113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32695311307907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2671383023262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.24975892901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1941070556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1388818621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1041620671749115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7863114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192627","display_name":"Mimicry","level":2,"score":0.8874083757400513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780905192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2341604","display_name":"Facial muscles","level":2,"score":0.7431949377059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40346341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391629","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","level":3,"score":0.6826185584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6269395351409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6262458562850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6183727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428559","display_name":"Facial electromyography","level":3,"score":0.6136444807052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5869457721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5358210206031799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4721370339393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4689860939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.419586181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4157561659812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.376409113407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32695311307907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2671383023262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.24975892901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1941070556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1388818621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1041620671749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005152","descriptor_name":"Facial Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005152","descriptor_name":"Facial Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005152","descriptor_name":"Facial Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005152","descriptor_name":"Facial Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9076/pdf?version=1699579815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38005462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10675524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10675524","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10675524/pdf/sensors-23-09076.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fbc41d50c7ad4275b5c76603417e447e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fbc41d50c7ad4275b5c76603417e447e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 22, p 9076 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229076","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9076/pdf?version=1699579815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3990002117","display_name":"\u8868\u60c5\u304b\u3089\u306e\u611f\u60c5\u30bb\u30f3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30d3\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0\u5411\u4e0a","funder_award_id":"JPMJMI20D7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7443810095","display_name":"\u300c\u512a\u3057\u3044\u4ecb\u8b77\u300d\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30e9\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u30fb\u8133\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u660e","funder_award_id":"JPMJCR17A5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388524381.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628791547","https://openalex.org/W1661563386","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1955927543","https://openalex.org/W1982188321","https://openalex.org/W1988398675","https://openalex.org/W2001315093","https://openalex.org/W2012885984","https://openalex.org/W2023657742","https://openalex.org/W2025089570","https://openalex.org/W2033640825","https://openalex.org/W2045472600","https://openalex.org/W2047875689","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2063424400","https://openalex.org/W2082486549","https://openalex.org/W2091210668","https://openalex.org/W2097693453","https://openalex.org/W2101545465","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2105208711","https://openalex.org/W2110421839","https://openalex.org/W2114687943","https://openalex.org/W2129106196","https://openalex.org/W2131326991","https://openalex.org/W2134727133","https://openalex.org/W2135776491","https://openalex.org/W2137693558","https://openalex.org/W2138521251","https://openalex.org/W2143102781","https://openalex.org/W2160532515","https://openalex.org/W2164284234","https://openalex.org/W2168839413","https://openalex.org/W2200917453","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2312253209","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2413995659","https://openalex.org/W2470957930","https://openalex.org/W2475295588","https://openalex.org/W2504384047","https://openalex.org/W2511883439","https://openalex.org/W2518866702","https://openalex.org/W2530626911","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2794094995","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W2896292608","https://openalex.org/W2911705732","https://openalex.org/W2923761717","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2980594093","https://openalex.org/W2980709048","https://openalex.org/W2999207022","https://openalex.org/W3008438970","https://openalex.org/W3009329175","https://openalex.org/W3036549612","https://openalex.org/W3084991438","https://openalex.org/W3091878148","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3135367816","https://openalex.org/W3137049019","https://openalex.org/W3142113686","https://openalex.org/W3158068891","https://openalex.org/W3175722558","https://openalex.org/W3183653863","https://openalex.org/W3214760462","https://openalex.org/W4205121113","https://openalex.org/W4226126510","https://openalex.org/W4229985350","https://openalex.org/W4251764742","https://openalex.org/W4283206195","https://openalex.org/W4287009293","https://openalex.org/W4296784060","https://openalex.org/W4297498906","https://openalex.org/W4311001914","https://openalex.org/W4321020667","https://openalex.org/W4378640459","https://openalex.org/W4379386692","https://openalex.org/W6635087628","https://openalex.org/W6782008563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986171833","https://openalex.org/W4385760960","https://openalex.org/W2110256717","https://openalex.org/W4247643814","https://openalex.org/W3137049019","https://openalex.org/W4234277757","https://openalex.org/W2049500009","https://openalex.org/W2114687943","https://openalex.org/W4388524381","https://openalex.org/W2020717934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"electromyography":[1],"(EMG)":[2],"remains":[3],"the":[4,23,31,35,44,145,152,177,191],"standard,":[5,41],"researchers":[6],"have":[7],"begun":[8],"using":[9,93],"automated":[10,60,99,153,178],"facial":[11,20,32,48,75,83,108,126,158],"action":[12,51],"coding":[13],"system":[14],"(FACS)":[15],"software":[16,122],"to":[17,139,144],"evaluate":[18],"spontaneous":[19,47],"mimicry":[21,49,127,161],"despite":[22],"lack":[24],"of":[25,27,34,46,73,194],"evidence":[26],"its":[28],"validity.":[29],"Using":[30],"EMG":[33,159,192],"zygomaticus":[36],"major":[37],"(ZM)":[38],"as":[39,197],"a":[40,136,166,198],"we":[42],"confirmed":[43],"detection":[45],"in":[50,160],"unit":[52],"12":[53],"(AU12,":[54],"lip":[55],"corner":[56],"puller)":[57],"via":[58],"an":[59],"FACS.":[61],"Participants":[62],"were":[63,85,89,114],"alternately":[64],"presented":[65],"with":[66,117,176],"real-time":[67],"model":[68],"performance":[69],"and":[70,81,96,104],"prerecorded":[71],"videos":[72,84,88],"dynamic":[74],"expressions,":[76],"while":[77,151],"simultaneous":[78],"ZM":[79,118],"signal":[80],"frontal":[82],"acquired.":[86],"Facial":[87],"estimated":[90],"for":[91,168],"AU12":[92,111,132],"FaceReader,":[94],"Py-Feat,":[95],"OpenFace.":[97],"The":[98,131],"FACS":[100,154,179],"is":[101],"less":[102,105],"sensitive":[103],"accurate":[106],"than":[107],"EMG,":[109],"but":[110],"mimicking":[112],"responses":[113],"significantly":[115],"correlated":[116],"responses.":[119],"All":[120],"three":[121],"programs":[123],"detected":[124],"enhanced":[125],"by":[128],"live":[129],"performances.":[130],"time":[133],"series":[134],"showed":[135],"roughly":[137],"100":[138],"300":[140],"ms":[141],"latency":[142],"relative":[143],"ZM.":[146],"Our":[147],"results":[148],"suggested":[149],"that":[150],"could":[155,164],"not":[156],"replace":[157],"detection,":[162],"it":[163],"serve":[165],"purpose":[167],"large":[169],"effect":[170],"sizes.":[171],"Researchers":[172],"should":[173,189],"be":[174],"cautious":[175],"outputs,":[180],"especially":[181],"when":[182],"studying":[183],"clinical":[184],"populations.":[185],"In":[186],"addition,":[187],"developers":[188],"consider":[190],"validation":[193],"AU":[195],"estimation":[196],"benchmark.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
