{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388540478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229062","title":"A Novel Machine-Learning Framework Based on a Hierarchy of Dispute Models for the Identification of Fish Species Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy","display_name":"A Novel Machine-Learning Framework Based on a Hierarchy of Dispute Models for the Identification of Fish Species Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388540478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229062","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9062/pdf?version=1699519355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9062/pdf?version=1699519355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036347766","display_name":"Mitchell Sueker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9078-661X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Sueker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005197946","display_name":"Amirreza Daghighi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirreza Daghighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073518875","display_name":"Alireza Akhbardeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2971-781X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Akhbardeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031176173","display_name":"Nicholas MacKinnon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7420"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas MacKinnon","raw_affiliation_strings":["SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091562930","display_name":"Gregory H. Bearman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Bearman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079453190","display_name":"Insuck Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insuck Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-349X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070244532","display_name":"Chansong Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chansong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012086743","display_name":"Jianwei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8061-4373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070799096","display_name":"Amanda M. Tabb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","display_name":"Chapman University","ror":"https://ror.org/0452jzg20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda M. Tabb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078901489","display_name":"Jiahleen Roungchun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","display_name":"Chapman University","ror":"https://ror.org/0452jzg20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahleen B. Roungchun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027088107","display_name":"Rosalee S. Hellberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-2007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","display_name":"Chapman University","ror":"https://ror.org/0452jzg20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosalee S. Hellberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-2007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Science Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039388392","display_name":"Fartash Vasefi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fartash Vasefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010509853","display_name":"Moon Il Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043387812","display_name":"Kouhyar Tavakolian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kouhyar Tavakolian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-358X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038593829","display_name":"Hossein Kashani Zadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-638X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Kashani Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SafetySpect Inc., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036347766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85139321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"22","first_page":"9062","last_page":"9062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11387","display_name":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vnir","display_name":"VNIR","score":0.7463531494140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6173961758613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5716643333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5560116171836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5102808475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48188620805740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-actinopterygii","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","score":0.4705009162425995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.44484713673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4185158610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4143097698688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36214977502822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.33899903297424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3373832404613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.24709269404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20596837997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20331841707229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery","display_name":"Fishery","score":0.148069828748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.09107685089111328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5457282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907352","display_name":"VNIR","level":3,"score":0.7463531494140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6173961758613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5716643333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5560116171836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5102808475494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48188620805740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.4705009162425995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.44484713673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4185158610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4143097698688507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36214977502822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.33899903297424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3373832404613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.24709269404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20596837997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20331841707229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.148069828748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.09107685089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005399","descriptor_name":"Fishes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034462","descriptor_name":"Dissent and Disputes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034462","descriptor_name":"Dissent and Disputes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034462","descriptor_name":"Dissent and Disputes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9062/pdf?version=1699519355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38005450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38005450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10674920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10674920","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10674920/pdf/sensors-23-09062.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.chapman.edu:food_science_articles-1071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/food_science_articles/72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196324","display_name":"Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185071736","host_organization_name":"Chapman University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185071736"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Food Science Faculty Articles and Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu:uthmed_docs-2021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthmed_docs/1039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401994","display_name":"DigtalCommons @ Texas Medical Center Library (Texas Medical Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty, Staff and Student Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d508fb6a3af4409872748ee3f6e3fb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d508fb6a3af4409872748ee3f6e3fb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 22, p 9062 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:58834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 23(22), 9062","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23229062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/22/9062/pdf?version=1699519355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388672446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA21OAR0210305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7976258154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA21OAR0210305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309030","funder_display_name":"Small Business Innovation Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309030","display_name":"Small Business Innovation Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015t55b95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388540478.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966976587","https://openalex.org/W2133541056","https://openalex.org/W2151166364","https://openalex.org/W2152261353","https://openalex.org/W2189163397","https://openalex.org/W2398239802","https://openalex.org/W2771618733","https://openalex.org/W2902180922","https://openalex.org/W2964824140","https://openalex.org/W2973363322","https://openalex.org/W3012046926","https://openalex.org/W3103668067","https://openalex.org/W3213164533","https://openalex.org/W4280552125","https://openalex.org/W4293659910","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W4306631540","https://openalex.org/W4313582792","https://openalex.org/W4378619179","https://openalex.org/W6682204729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144754139","https://openalex.org/W1849857383","https://openalex.org/W2037607410","https://openalex.org/W2905518819","https://openalex.org/W2984104979","https://openalex.org/W4211230453","https://openalex.org/W2942534666","https://openalex.org/W4307882460","https://openalex.org/W1974778685","https://openalex.org/W2068041227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seafood":[0],"mislabeling":[1,191],"rates":[2],"of":[3,38,63,72,99,115,160,169,178,218,242,272],"approximately":[4],"20%":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"reported":[8],"globally.":[9],"Traditional":[10],"methods":[11],"for":[12,110,120],"fish":[13,66,101,226],"species":[14,67,155,190],"identification,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,228],"DNA":[18,233],"analysis":[19],"and":[20,27,29,33,40,68,76,83,105,123,138,145,150,201,213,216,235,259],"polymerase":[21],"chain":[22],"reaction":[23],"(PCR),":[24],"are":[25],"expensive":[26],"time-consuming,":[28],"require":[30],"skilled":[31],"technicians":[32],"specialized":[34,106],"equipment.":[35],"The":[36,113,167,239],"combination":[37],"spectroscopy":[39],"machine":[41],"learning":[42],"presents":[43],"a":[44,56,61,93,128,229,250,269],"promising":[45],"approach":[46,58],"to":[47,147,162,198,211,232,256],"overcome":[48],"these":[49],"challenges.":[50],"In":[51],"our":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54,91],"took":[55],"comprehensive":[57],"by":[59,187],"considering":[60],"total":[62],"43":[64],"different":[65],"employing":[69],"three":[70,171],"modes":[71,173],"spectroscopy:":[73],"fluorescence":[74],"(Fluor),":[75],"reflectance":[77],"in":[78,164,246,263],"the":[79,176,179],"visible":[80],"near-infrared":[81,85],"(VNIR)":[82],"short-wave":[84],"(SWIR).":[86],"To":[87],"achieve":[88],"higher":[89,133],"accuracies,":[90],"developed":[92],"novel":[94,251],"machine-learning":[95,252],"framework,":[96],"where":[97],"groups":[98],"similar":[100],"types":[102],"were":[103,108],"identified":[104],"classifiers":[107],"trained":[109],"each":[111],"group.":[112],"incorporation":[114],"global":[116],"(single":[117],"artificial":[118],"intelligence":[119],"all":[121,170,185],"species)":[122],"dispute":[124,243],"classification":[125,265],"models":[126,244],"created":[127],"hierarchical":[129,240],"decision":[130],"process,":[131],"yielding":[132],"performances.":[134],"For":[135],"Fluor,":[136],"VNIR,":[137],"SWIR,":[139],"accuracies":[140],"increased":[141],"from":[142],"80%,":[143],"75%,":[144],"49%":[146],"83%,":[148],"81%,":[149],"58%,":[151],"respectively.":[152],"Furthermore,":[153],"certain":[154],"witnessed":[156],"remarkable":[157],"performance":[158,177],"enhancements":[159],"up":[161],"40%":[163],"single-mode":[165],"identification.":[166],"fusion":[168],"spectroscopic":[172],"further":[174],"boosted":[175],"best":[180],"single":[181],"mode,":[182],"averaged":[183],"over":[184],"species,":[186],"9%.":[188],"Fish":[189],"not":[192,254],"only":[193],"poses":[194],"health-related":[195],"risks":[196],"due":[197],"contaminants,":[199],"toxins,":[200],"allergens":[202],"that":[203],"could":[204],"be":[205],"life-threatening,":[206],"but":[207],"also":[208],"gives":[209],"rise":[210],"economic":[212],"environmental":[214],"hazards":[215],"loss":[217],"nutritional":[219],"benefits.":[220],"Our":[221],"proposed":[222,245],"method":[223],"can":[224,260],"detect":[225],"fraud":[227],"real-time":[230],"alternative":[231],"barcoding":[234],"other":[236],"standard":[237],"methods.":[238],"system":[241],"this":[247,257],"work":[248],"is":[249],"tool":[253],"limited":[255],"application,":[258],"improve":[261],"accuracy":[262],"any":[264],"problem":[266],"which":[267],"contains":[268],"large":[270],"number":[271],"classes.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
