{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388141171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218897","title":"Analysis of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics of Lower Limbs of Drivers in Pedal-Operation States","display_name":"Analysis of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics of Lower Limbs of Drivers in Pedal-Operation States","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388141171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8897/pdf?version=1698834456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8897/pdf?version=1698834456","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105520278","display_name":"Song Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6816-1050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106931","display_name":"Jiaxing Vocational Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02cydx698","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106931"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College, Shijiazhuang 050035, China","Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6816-1050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College, Shijiazhuang 050035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation College, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076760667","display_name":"Hailin Kui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-0980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Kui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331371","display_name":"Xiangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567792","display_name":"Zhonglin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhonglin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101567792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89155498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"21","first_page":"8897","last_page":"8897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13722","display_name":"Ergonomics and Human Factors","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.8187547922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.7852272391319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6736906170845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.6175193786621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5565052628517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"Knee Joint","score":0.5365550518035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.513964831829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5016083717346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4856630563735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile","display_name":"Percentile","score":0.4542941451072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41812509298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leg-muscle","display_name":"Leg muscle","score":0.41504794359207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38702157139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2205888032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.19712337851524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.13712546229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1234096884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.08150359988212585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8187547922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.7852272391319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6736906170845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.6175193786621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5565052628517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908736133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37425","display_name":"Knee Joint","level":2,"score":0.5365550518035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.513964831829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5016083717346191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4856630563735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.4542941451072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41812509298324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019295976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Leg muscle","level":2,"score":0.41504794359207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38702157139778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2205888032913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.19712337851524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.13712546229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1234096884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.08150359988212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8897/pdf?version=1698834456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37960596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10649989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10649989","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10649989/pdf/sensors-23-08897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b42b9d34a214de287f99f7e26cc7af0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b42b9d34a214de287f99f7e26cc7af0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 21, p 8897 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8897/pdf?version=1698834456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388141171.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78862674","https://openalex.org/W1967687502","https://openalex.org/W1986828384","https://openalex.org/W1987526112","https://openalex.org/W1995828515","https://openalex.org/W1999523238","https://openalex.org/W2054001002","https://openalex.org/W2093412478","https://openalex.org/W2093899657","https://openalex.org/W2120449919","https://openalex.org/W2121834594","https://openalex.org/W2151073730","https://openalex.org/W2155484716","https://openalex.org/W2275806557","https://openalex.org/W2335486492","https://openalex.org/W2624430085","https://openalex.org/W2772997662","https://openalex.org/W2904554979","https://openalex.org/W2908789036","https://openalex.org/W3085452254","https://openalex.org/W3134105168","https://openalex.org/W3211367012","https://openalex.org/W3217663734","https://openalex.org/W4313403983","https://openalex.org/W4380049337","https://openalex.org/W4380050799","https://openalex.org/W6603226293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550559433","https://openalex.org/W2189235034","https://openalex.org/W2059841545","https://openalex.org/W3014307317","https://openalex.org/W2376139493","https://openalex.org/W2191239088","https://openalex.org/W2911808920","https://openalex.org/W2319948171","https://openalex.org/W2147404105","https://openalex.org/W4386558479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,71,155],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"to":[3,42,82,123],"establish":[4],"the":[5,17,27,44,49,62,68,72,84,88,94,98,101,107,111,125,138,141,151,178,181,186],"biomechanical":[6],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,87,93,113,140,157],"commercial":[9,200],"vehicle":[10],"drivers'":[11,45,196],"muscles":[12,147],"and":[13,26,48,56,110,131,144,180,202,209],"bones":[14],"while":[15],"operating":[16],"three":[18,39,102],"pedals,":[19],"a":[20,192],"driver":[21],"pedal-operation":[22],"simulator":[23],"was":[24,30,118],"built,":[25],"real-life":[28],"situation":[29],"reconstructed":[31],"in":[32,52,61,150,159,199],"OpenSim":[33,121],"3.3":[34],"software.":[35],"We":[36],"set":[37],"up":[38],"seat":[40],"heights":[41],"investigate":[43],"lower":[46,95,127],"limbs,":[47],"research":[50,69],"proceeded":[51],"two":[53],"parts:":[54],"experiment":[55],"simulation.":[57],"Chinese":[58],"adult":[59],"males":[60],"95th":[63],"percentile":[64],"were":[65,80,148,177],"selected":[66],"as":[67],"participants.":[70],"experiment,":[73],"Delsys":[74],"wireless":[75],"surface":[76],"electromyography":[77],"(EMG)":[78],"sensors":[79],"used":[81],"collect":[83],"EMG":[85],"signals":[86],"four":[89,152],"main":[90],"muscle":[91,108,114,153],"groups":[92],"limbs":[96],"when":[97],"drivers":[99],"operated":[100],"pedals.":[103],"Then,":[104],"we":[105],"analyzed":[106],"activation":[109,139],"degree":[112],"fatigue.":[115],"The":[116,134,173,188],"simulation":[117],"based":[119],"on":[120],"software":[122],"analyze":[124],"driver's":[126],"limb":[128],"joint":[129,132,163,167,171,175,183],"angles":[130,176,184],"torque.":[133,172],"results":[135,190],"show":[136],"that":[137],"hamstrings,":[142],"gastrocnemius,":[143],"rectus":[145],"femoris":[146],"higher":[149],"groups.":[154],"respect":[156],"torque,":[158],"most":[160],"cases,":[161],"hip":[162],"torque":[164,168],">":[165,169],"knee":[166,174],"ankle":[170,182],"largest,":[179],"changed":[185],"most.":[187],"experimental":[189],"provide":[191,203],"reference":[193],"for":[194,206],"improving":[195],"handling":[197],"comfort":[198],"vehicles":[201],"theoretical":[204],"bases":[205],"cab":[207],"design":[208],"layout":[210],"optimization.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
