{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388095992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218828","title":"Investigating Correlations and the Validation of SMAP-Sentinel L2 and In Situ Soil Moisture in Thailand","display_name":"Investigating Correlations and the Validation of SMAP-Sentinel L2 and In Situ Soil Moisture in Thailand","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388095992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218828","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8828/pdf?version=1698904422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8828/pdf?version=1698904422","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007141787","display_name":"Apiniti Jotisankasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-1472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198105771","display_name":"Kasetsart University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzceg21","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apiniti Jotisankasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7087-1472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049629682","display_name":"Kritanai Torsri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-806X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kritanai Torsri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-806X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050477679","display_name":"Soravis Supavetch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198105771","display_name":"Kasetsart University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzceg21","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soravis Supavetch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092762172","display_name":"Kajornsak Sirirodwattanakool","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198105771","display_name":"Kasetsart University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzceg21","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kajornsak Sirirodwattanakool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066309113","display_name":"Nuttasit Thonglert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198105771","display_name":"Kasetsart University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzceg21","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuttasit Thonglert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198105771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032801798","display_name":"Rati Sawangwattanaphaibun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rati Sawangwattanaphaibun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019791681","display_name":"Apiwat Faikrua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apiwat Faikrua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039134570","display_name":"Pattarapoom Peangta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pattarapoom Peangta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028433169","display_name":"Jakrapop Akaranee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakrapop Akaranee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049629682"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60080189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"21","first_page":"8828","last_page":"8828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7691669464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.7667902708053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ","display_name":"In situ","score":0.5004642009735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.497621089220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47657299041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-determination","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","score":0.45957374572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moisture","display_name":"Moisture","score":0.4548504948616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permeability","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","score":0.4318752586841583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.42699089646339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2793901562690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1152174174785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10592487454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09290149807929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08899381756782532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7691669464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.7667902708053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.5004642009735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.497621089220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47657299041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.45957374572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4548504948616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.4318752586841583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.42699089646339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2793901562690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1152174174785614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10592487454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09290149807929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08899381756782532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218828","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8828/pdf?version=1698904422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37960525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10650584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10650584","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650584/pdf/sensors-23-08828.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d64449b4e7ea4e6eb32f879e7656a384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d64449b4e7ea4e6eb32f879e7656a384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 21, p 8828 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218828","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8828/pdf?version=1698904422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167209126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"48873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","funder_display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1318235325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"48873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329432","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2490905340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"160399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329432","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3022375151","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"160399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","funder_display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4908889174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"180529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","funder_display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5297494401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"180529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329432","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329432","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388095992.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010665891","https://openalex.org/W2019618435","https://openalex.org/W2033211927","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2067967609","https://openalex.org/W2091160252","https://openalex.org/W2162604832","https://openalex.org/W2581185998","https://openalex.org/W2582059183","https://openalex.org/W2582566895","https://openalex.org/W2911446993","https://openalex.org/W2924667207","https://openalex.org/W2969436522","https://openalex.org/W2972262484","https://openalex.org/W3016482508","https://openalex.org/W4280521635","https://openalex.org/W4285032770","https://openalex.org/W4292794356","https://openalex.org/W4362633675","https://openalex.org/W4363652235","https://openalex.org/W4385776866","https://openalex.org/W4386221309","https://openalex.org/W4386410052","https://openalex.org/W6838809683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360847790","https://openalex.org/W620177578","https://openalex.org/W2091044417","https://openalex.org/W2591473213","https://openalex.org/W2118461778","https://openalex.org/W2281753746","https://openalex.org/W3215112565","https://openalex.org/W3006581312","https://openalex.org/W2294130298","https://openalex.org/W1985321524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0,18],"moisture":[1,32,92,119],"plays":[2],"a":[3,34,125,131,171,236],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,74,87,207,242,262,271,280,292],"various":[7],"hydrological":[8],"processes":[9],"and":[10,57,163,189,206,222,268,276,290],"energy":[11],"partitioning":[12],"of":[13,38,90,127,148,174,239,273],"the":[14,48,62,85,106,116,135,141,146,201,252,281,287,293],"global":[15],"surface.":[16],"The":[17,111,193,215,247],"Moisture":[19],"Active":[20],"Passive-Sentinel":[21],"(SMAP-Sentinel)":[22],"remote-sensing":[23,254],"technology":[24,255],"has":[25],"demonstrated":[26],"great":[27],"potential":[28,258],"for":[29,55,199,259],"monitoring":[30,89,261],"soil":[31,91,180,195,209],"with":[33,145,158],"maximum":[35],"spatial":[36],"resolution":[37],"1":[39,97],"km.":[40],"This":[41],"capability":[42],"can":[43,284],"be":[44],"applied":[45],"to":[46,96,109,114,154,169,227],"improve":[47,286],"weather":[49],"forecast":[50],"accuracy,":[51],"enhance":[52],"water":[53],"management":[54],"agriculture,":[56],"managing":[58],"climate-related":[59],"disasters.":[60],"Despite":[61],"techniques":[63],"being":[64],"increasingly":[65],"used":[66,198,245],"worldwide,":[67],"their":[68],"accuracy":[69],"still":[70],"requires":[71],"field":[72],"validation":[73,266],"specific":[75],"regions":[76],"like":[77],"Thailand.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"report":[83],"on":[84],"extensive":[86],"situ":[88,208],"(from":[93],"surface":[94],"up":[95],"m":[98],"depth)":[99],"at":[100],"10":[101],"stations":[102],"across":[103],"Thailand,":[104],"spanning":[105],"years":[107],"2021":[108],"2023.":[110],"aim":[112],"was":[113,229,244],"validate":[115],"SMAP":[117,205,228],"surface-soil":[118],"(SSM)":[120],"Level":[121],"2":[122],"product":[123],"over":[124],"period":[126],"two":[128,142],"years.":[129],"Using":[130],"one-month":[132],"averaging":[133],"approach,":[134],"study":[136],"revealed":[137],"linear":[138,213],"relationships":[139],"between":[140,204,220],"measurement":[143],"types,":[144],"coefficient":[147,173],"determination":[149],"(R-squared)":[150],"varying":[151],"from":[152],"0.13":[153],"0.58.":[155],"Notably,":[156],"areas":[157],"more":[159],"uniform":[160],"land":[161],"use":[162],"topography":[164],"such":[165],"as":[166],"croplands":[167],"tended":[168],"have":[170],"better":[172],"determination.":[175],"We":[176],"also":[177,249],"conducted":[178],"detailed":[179],"core":[181],"characterization,":[182],"including":[183],"soil-water":[184],"retention":[185],"curves,":[186],"permeability,":[187],"porosity,":[188],"other":[190],"physical":[191],"properties.":[192],"basic":[194],"properties":[196],"were":[197],"estimating":[200],"correlation":[202],"constants":[203],"moistures":[210],"using":[211],"multiple":[212],"regression.":[214],"results":[216,234],"produced":[217],"R-squared":[218],"values":[219],"0.933":[221],"0.847.":[223],"An":[224],"upscaling":[225],"approach":[226],"proposed":[230],"that":[231,251],"showed":[232],"promising":[233],"when":[235],"3-month":[237],"average":[238],"all":[240],"measurements":[241],"cropland":[243],"together.":[246],"finding":[248],"suggests":[250],"SMAP-Sentinel":[253],"exhibits":[256],"significant":[257],"soil-moisture":[260],"certain":[263],"applications.":[264],"Further":[265],"efforts":[267],"research,":[269],"particularly":[270],"terms":[272],"root-zone":[274],"depths":[275],"area-based":[277],"assessments,":[278],"especially":[279],"agricultural":[282],"sector,":[283],"greatly":[285],"technology's":[288],"effectiveness":[289],"usefulness":[291],"region.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
