{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388106219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218808","title":"Placement Method of Multiple Lidars for Roadside Infrastructure in Urban Environments","display_name":"Placement Method of Multiple Lidars for Roadside Infrastructure in Urban Environments","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388106219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218808","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218808","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8808/pdf?version=1698651197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8808/pdf?version=1698651197","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707040","display_name":"Tae-Hyeong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095514","display_name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc3t321","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Hyeong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066813247","display_name":"Gi-Hwan Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gi-Hwan Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-1635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079314200","display_name":"Hyeong-Seok Yun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095514","display_name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc3t321","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Seok Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Robot Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108895683","display_name":"Kyung-Su Yun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095514","display_name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc3t321","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung-Su Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Korea Intelligent Automotive Parts Promotion Institute (KIAPI), Daegu 43011, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046715205","display_name":"Tae-Hyoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Hyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-344X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046715205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":3.5466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92406221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"21","first_page":"8808","last_page":"8808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.616457462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5961002111434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5792555809020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5519801378250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5159569382667542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45581382513046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43006038665771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34252989292144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24352753162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18230175971984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.14309296011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13211122155189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11146226525306702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.616457462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5961002111434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5792555809020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5519801378250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5159569382667542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45581382513046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43006038665771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34252989292144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24352753162384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18230175971984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.14309296011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13211122155189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11146226525306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218808","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8808/pdf?version=1698651197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37960508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10648245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10648245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91fd0f71a17e420dbdad0d355acfaf03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/91fd0f71a17e420dbdad0d355acfaf03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 21, p 8808 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218808","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8808/pdf?version=1698651197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1917921091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8446182298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G938309455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388106219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388106219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106378689","https://openalex.org/W2171330332","https://openalex.org/W2508016167","https://openalex.org/W2890683314","https://openalex.org/W2945662945","https://openalex.org/W3099573654","https://openalex.org/W3164156634","https://openalex.org/W3211109735","https://openalex.org/W4205952165","https://openalex.org/W4225130202","https://openalex.org/W4280502136","https://openalex.org/W4281479006","https://openalex.org/W4293211776","https://openalex.org/W4295832596","https://openalex.org/W4308068596","https://openalex.org/W4312947590","https://openalex.org/W4318776478","https://openalex.org/W4379801962","https://openalex.org/W4382119133","https://openalex.org/W4383097534","https://openalex.org/W4385324481","https://openalex.org/W4386303453","https://openalex.org/W4387140397","https://openalex.org/W4391769710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensors":[0],"on":[1],"autonomous":[2,28],"vehicles":[3],"have":[4,14],"inherent":[5],"physical":[6],"constraints.":[7],"To":[8],"address":[9],"these":[10,44],"limitations,":[11],"several":[12],"studies":[13],"been":[15],"conducted":[16],"to":[17,43,70,105,116],"enhance":[18],"sensing":[19],"capabilities":[20],"by":[21],"establishing":[22],"wireless":[23],"communication":[24],"between":[25],"infrastructure":[26,83],"and":[27,99],"vehicles.":[29,45],"Various":[30],"sensors":[31,113],"are":[32,114],"strategically":[33],"positioned":[34],"within":[35],"the":[36,65,91,118],"road":[37,82],"infrastructure,":[38],"providing":[39],"essential":[40],"sensory":[41],"data":[42],"The":[46],"primary":[47],"challenge":[48],"lies":[49],"in":[50,81],"sensor":[51,79],"placement,":[52],"as":[53,95],"it":[54],"necessitates":[55],"identifying":[56],"optimal":[57],"locations":[58],"that":[59],"minimize":[60],"blind":[61],"spots":[62],"while":[63],"maximizing":[64],"sensor's":[66],"coverage":[67],"area.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"solve":[71],"this":[72,121],"problem,":[73],"a":[74,88,100,107],"method":[75],"for":[76],"positioning":[77],"multiple":[78],"systems":[80],"is":[84,93,103],"proposed.":[85],"By":[86],"introducing":[87],"voxel":[89],"grid,":[90],"problem":[92],"formulated":[94],"an":[96],"optimization":[97],"challenge,":[98],"genetic":[101],"algorithm":[102],"employed":[104],"find":[106],"solution.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"findings":[110],"using":[111],"lidar":[112],"presented":[115],"demonstrate":[117],"efficacy":[119],"of":[120],"proposed":[122],"approach.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}