{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387959474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","title":"The Design and Fabrication of Large-Area Under-Screen Fingerprint Sensors with Optimized Aperture and Microlens Structures","display_name":"The Design and Fabrication of Large-Area Under-Screen Fingerprint Sensors with Optimized Aperture and Microlens Structures","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387959474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8731/pdf?version=1698305936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8731/pdf?version=1698305936","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102249469","display_name":"Chih-Chieh Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chieh Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113681798","display_name":"Teng-Wei Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng-Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102550993","display_name":"You-Ren Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You-Ren Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062829016","display_name":"Guo-Dung J. Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Dung Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062829016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51923925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"21","first_page":"8731","last_page":"8731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microlens","display_name":"Microlens","score":0.7396801114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6221936941146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zemax","display_name":"Zemax","score":0.5710848569869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5478413701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.51790851354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.48224005103111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47477957606315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47127339243888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46089497208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photolithography","display_name":"Photolithography","score":0.45150765776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4368158280849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42401692271232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3499283790588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33445972204208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.3185160160064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.27929532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1795787811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1079510748386383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192560794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500199","display_name":"Microlens","level":3,"score":0.7396801114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6221936941146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778646699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3085771","display_name":"Zemax","level":3,"score":0.5710848569869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5478413701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.51790851354599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48224005103111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47477957606315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47127339243888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46089497208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105487726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622938","display_name":"Photolithography","level":2,"score":0.45150765776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4368158280849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42401692271232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3499283790588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33445972204208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3185160160064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27929532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1795787811279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1079510748386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8731/pdf?version=1698305936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37960431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10648296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10648296","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10648296/pdf/sensors-23-08731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c86564405dc49ce930718c3de358ca9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c86564405dc49ce930718c3de358ca9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 21, p 8731 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/21/8731/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8731/pdf?version=1698305936","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387959474.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992542092","https://openalex.org/W2076126242","https://openalex.org/W2077986488","https://openalex.org/W2080057183","https://openalex.org/W2097196720","https://openalex.org/W2119267437","https://openalex.org/W2534273301","https://openalex.org/W2810202341","https://openalex.org/W2917433155","https://openalex.org/W2997567983","https://openalex.org/W3041383462","https://openalex.org/W3116589477","https://openalex.org/W3128143154","https://openalex.org/W3175866075","https://openalex.org/W3176245218","https://openalex.org/W4205777990","https://openalex.org/W4210585690","https://openalex.org/W4226033633","https://openalex.org/W4250602489","https://openalex.org/W6648372999","https://openalex.org/W6763213896","https://openalex.org/W6798251052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364974083","https://openalex.org/W2149279442","https://openalex.org/W2036103992","https://openalex.org/W2363971389","https://openalex.org/W2736474647","https://openalex.org/W1988155854","https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W1621827506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,71,118],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,40,85,116],"designed":[4],"and":[5,29,53,64,76],"fabricated":[6],"an":[7],"optical":[8,42],"filter":[9,119],"structure":[10],"applied":[11],"to":[12,31,47,80,121],"the":[13,20,24,33,62,67,82,99,102],"FoD":[14,52],"(Fingerprint":[15],"on":[16,35],"Display)":[17],"technology":[18],"of":[19,93,101],"smartphone,":[21],"which":[22],"contains":[23],"microlens":[25,65],"array,":[26],"black":[27,103],"matrix,":[28],"photodetector":[30],"recognize":[32],"fingerprint":[34,68,123,131],"a":[36,49,54,88,128],"full":[37],"touchscreen.":[38],"First,":[39],"used":[41,117],"ray":[43],"tracing":[44],"software,":[45],"ZEMAX,":[46],"simulate":[48],"smartphone":[50],"with":[51],"touching":[55],"finger.":[56],"We":[57],"then":[58],"further":[59],"discussed":[60],"how":[61],"aperture":[63],"influence":[66],"image":[69,126],"in":[70],"design.":[72],"Through":[73],"numerical":[74],"analysis":[75],"process":[77,113],"constraint":[78],"adjustment":[79],"optimize":[81],"structural":[83],"design,":[84],"determined":[86],"that":[87],"modulation":[89],"transfer":[90],"function":[91],"(MTF)":[92],"60.8%":[94],"can":[95],"be":[96],"obtained":[97],"when":[98],"thickness":[100],"matrix":[104],"is":[105],"4":[106],"\u03bcm,":[107],"allowing":[108],"successful":[109],"manufacturing":[110],"using":[111],"photolithography":[112],"technology.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"element":[120],"take":[122],"images.":[124],"After":[125],"processing,":[127],"clearly":[129],"visible":[130],"pattern":[132],"was":[133],"successfully":[134],"captured.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
