{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387937670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","title":"High-Density Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Visual Perception Quantification","display_name":"High-Density Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Visual Perception Quantification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387937670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8696/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8696/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057297570","display_name":"Hongwei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-1455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-1455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671321","display_name":"Zhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1695-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101564493","display_name":"Yuting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8981-6724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022668758","display_name":"Zhenhai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022668758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2238,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60696148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"21","first_page":"8696","last_page":"8696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5610449910163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.5272618532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.510141909122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.49060431122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.47814643383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47690558433532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.43340760469436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.3981497883796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32977819442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15474310517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.11970782279968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10668593645095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5610449910163879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130796691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750537","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.5272618532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.510141909122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.49060431122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.47814643383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47690558433532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.43340760469436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3981497883796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32977819442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15474310517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.11970782279968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10668593645095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006454","descriptor_name":"Hemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010108","descriptor_name":"Oxyhemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010108","descriptor_name":"Oxyhemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010108","descriptor_name":"Oxyhemoglobins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8696/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37960396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37960396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10650008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10650008","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650008/pdf/sensors-23-08696.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c90a188c56ef4f0e9c9b37998081c5bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c90a188c56ef4f0e9c9b37998081c5bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 21, p 8696 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/21/8696/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23218696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/21/8696/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387937670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387937670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546085896","https://openalex.org/W1563395534","https://openalex.org/W2053963261","https://openalex.org/W2056036535","https://openalex.org/W2135048288","https://openalex.org/W2293833036","https://openalex.org/W2789910499","https://openalex.org/W3090777324","https://openalex.org/W3216802946","https://openalex.org/W4200089343","https://openalex.org/W4210600549","https://openalex.org/W4220983100","https://openalex.org/W4225479897","https://openalex.org/W4291279381","https://openalex.org/W4292824725","https://openalex.org/W4295851883","https://openalex.org/W4316038216","https://openalex.org/W4316497508","https://openalex.org/W4328054277","https://openalex.org/W4365459295","https://openalex.org/W6633750822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2598946408","https://openalex.org/W1897960459","https://openalex.org/W2002567531","https://openalex.org/W4313231634","https://openalex.org/W180818492","https://openalex.org/W243736014","https://openalex.org/W1976708444","https://openalex.org/W2033349420","https://openalex.org/W2964529313","https://openalex.org/W4318185075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,137,145,161,189,234,298,395],"main":[1],"application":[2],"scenario":[3],"for":[4,389,411],"wearable":[5],"sensors":[6],"involves":[7],"the":[8,20,60,82,93,98,106,108,112,116,120,150,155,165,168,179,192,203,209,217,219,223,227,231,260,269,282,285,293,302,326,339,351,356,365,382,402,407,414,417,424,427,434,445,447,449,455,494,507,522,533],"generation":[9],"of":[10,23,29,44,62,111,119,126,154,167,222,230,244,262,284,292,358,413,436,457,525],"data":[11,72,185,235,261,283],"and":[12,52,68,103,115,133,152,172,214,226,252,279,316,336,343,361,363,370,384,416,433,439,453,460,474,481,506,512,527],"monitoring":[13,22],"metrics.":[14],"fNIRS":[15,33],"(functional":[16],"near-infrared":[17,78],"spectroscopy)":[18],"allows":[19],"nonintrusive":[21],"human":[24],"visual":[25,30,55,83,113,131,135,162,193,200,303,334,352,393,408,431,467,491,513,529],"perception.":[26,492],"quantification":[28],"perception":[31,56,468,514,530],"by":[32,484,532],"facilitates":[34],"applications":[35],"in":[36,57,86,92,100,176,196,202,211,238,265,367,466,471,497],"engineering-related":[37],"fields.":[38],"This":[39,123,182,257,323,348],"study":[40,124,183,240,258,324,349,524],"designed":[41],"a":[42,141,242,277],"set":[43,276],"experimental":[45],"procedures":[46],"to":[47,53,88,178,198,267,275,280,331,337,380,502,516,520],"effectively":[48,489],"induce":[49],"visible":[50,90,146,180,224],"alterations":[51],"quantify":[54,490],"conjunction":[58],"with":[59,355,478],"acquisition":[61],"Hbt":[63],"(total":[64],"hemoglobin),":[65],"Hb":[66],"(hemoglobin),":[67],"HbO2":[69,104,215,362,371,482],"(oxygenated":[70],"hemoglobin)":[71],"obtained":[73],"from":[74,186,301],"HfNIRS":[75,96,207,266,476,511],"(high-density":[76],"functional":[77],"spectroscopy).":[79],"Volunteers":[80],"completed":[81,191],"task":[84,121,163,194,232,250,353,409],"separately":[85,195],"response":[87,177,197],"different":[89,199,273,333,373,430],"changes":[91,99,201,210,366,465,470],"simulated":[94,128,205],"scene.":[95,206],"recorded":[97,208,483],"Hbt,":[101,212,359,368,437,458,472,479],"Hb,":[102,213,360,369,438,459,473,480],"during":[105,216],"study,":[107,218],"time":[109,117,220,228],"point":[110,118,221,229],"difference,":[114,225],"change.":[122,160,181,233],"consisted":[125],"one":[127],"scene,":[129],"two":[130],"variations,":[132],"four":[134],"tasks.":[136],"simulation":[138],"scene":[139],"featured":[140],"car":[142,156],"driving":[143],"location.":[144],"change":[147],"suggested":[148],"that":[149,287,404,444,464],"brightness":[151],"saturation":[153],"operator":[157],"interface":[158],"would":[159],"represented":[164],"completion":[166],"layout,":[169],"color,":[170],"design,":[171],"information":[173,271,314,377],"questions":[174],"answered":[175],"collected":[184],"29":[187],"volunteers.":[188],"volunteers":[190],"same":[204],"analysis":[236,390],"methods":[237],"this":[239,498],"comprised":[241],"combination":[243],"channel":[245],"dimensionality":[246],"reduction,":[247],"feature":[248],"extraction,":[249],"classification,":[251],"score":[253],"correlation.":[254],"Channel":[255],"downscaling:":[256],"used":[259,325,379],"15":[263],"channels":[264,274,286,386],"calculate":[268,338],"mutual":[270,294],"between":[272,426,510],"threshold,":[278],"retain":[281],"were":[288,319,387],"higher":[289,446,454],"than":[290],"those":[291],"information.":[295],"Feature":[296],"extraction:":[297],"statistics":[299],"derived":[300],"task,":[304],"including":[305],"time,":[306],"mean,":[307],"median,":[308],"variance,":[309,311],"extreme":[310],"kurtosis,":[312],"bias,":[313],"entropy,":[315],"approximate":[317],"entropy":[318],"computed.":[320],"Task":[321],"classification:":[322],"KNN":[327],"(K-Nearest":[328],"Neighbors)":[329],"algorithm":[330],"classify":[332],"tasks":[335,432],"accuracy,":[340],"precision,":[341],"recall,":[342],"F1":[344],"scores.":[345],"Scoring":[346],"correlation:":[347],"matched":[350],"scores":[354,428],"fluctuations":[357,435,456],"observed":[364],"under":[372,391],"scoring":[374],"levels.":[375],"Mutual":[376],"was":[378,398,420,442],"downscale":[381],"channels,":[383],"seven":[385],"retained":[388],"each":[392],"task.":[394],"average":[396],"accuracy":[397,419],"96.3%":[399,412],"\u00b1":[400],"1.99%;":[401],"samples":[403],"correctly":[405],"classified":[406],"accounted":[410],"total;":[415],"classification":[418],"high.":[421],"By":[422],"analyzing":[423],"correlation":[425],"on":[429],"HbO2,":[440],"it":[441],"found":[443,463],"score,":[448],"more":[450],"obvious,":[451],"significant,":[452],"HbO2.":[461,475],"Experiments":[462],"triggered":[469],"combined":[477],"machine":[485],"learning":[486],"algorithms":[487],"can":[488],"However,":[493],"related":[495],"research":[496],"paper":[499],"still":[500],"needs":[501,515],"be":[503,517],"further":[504,518],"refined,":[505],"mathematical":[508,534],"relationship":[509],"explored":[519],"realize":[521],"quantitative":[523],"subjective":[526],"objective":[528],"supported":[531],"relationship.":[535]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
