{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387880086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208641","title":"A Compact RF Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Node with an Energy Intensity Adaptive Management Algorithm","display_name":"A Compact RF Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Node with an Energy Intensity Adaptive Management Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387880086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208641","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208641","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8641/pdf?version=1698043539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8641/pdf?version=1698043539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334285","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-9115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029906258","display_name":"Mingxue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005678368","display_name":"Xinkai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinkai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100930123","display_name":"Yiheng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651217","display_name":"Liyi Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106265054","display_name":"Yufeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106265054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9837,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75914609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"20","first_page":"8641","last_page":"8641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectenna","display_name":"Rectenna","score":0.8187907338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6937566995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5983538627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5781942009925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5621621608734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5603297352790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectifier","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","score":0.5580097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5557764172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4943199157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4837522506713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44625550508499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.416598916053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41563501954078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31640785932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19990435242652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1769115924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17242035269737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12753146886825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08739662170410156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46526593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748579","display_name":"Rectenna","level":4,"score":0.8187907338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6937566995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5983538627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5781942009925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5621621608734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5603297352790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50100734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303176","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","level":5,"score":0.5580097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5557764172554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4943199157714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4837522506713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44625550508499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.416598916053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41563501954078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31640785932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19990435242652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1769115924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17242035269737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12753146886825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08739662170410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86582703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617824","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208641","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8641/pdf?version=1698043539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37896734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10610883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10610883","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610883/pdf/sensors-23-08641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87a12c429948405f811a5599bc8e4f79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87a12c429948405f811a5599bc8e4f79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 20, p 8641 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208641","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8641/pdf?version=1698043539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387880086.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496719428","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W2009887633","https://openalex.org/W2023543377","https://openalex.org/W2046672513","https://openalex.org/W2049993851","https://openalex.org/W2050068061","https://openalex.org/W2118424226","https://openalex.org/W2131664862","https://openalex.org/W2137449583","https://openalex.org/W2149662338","https://openalex.org/W2348403352","https://openalex.org/W2510725291","https://openalex.org/W2917180555","https://openalex.org/W2987399338","https://openalex.org/W3002478901","https://openalex.org/W3020027756","https://openalex.org/W3026912515","https://openalex.org/W3035557658","https://openalex.org/W3036265961","https://openalex.org/W3086633840","https://openalex.org/W3087189867","https://openalex.org/W3087717447","https://openalex.org/W3093410663","https://openalex.org/W3094471717","https://openalex.org/W3120406208","https://openalex.org/W3186847136","https://openalex.org/W3187829795","https://openalex.org/W3194933611","https://openalex.org/W4210879646","https://openalex.org/W4220795781","https://openalex.org/W4251336812","https://openalex.org/W4384436009","https://openalex.org/W6662851015","https://openalex.org/W6791445789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289713407","https://openalex.org/W2890668042","https://openalex.org/W4311995948","https://openalex.org/W2087049092","https://openalex.org/W3139351301","https://openalex.org/W2042048345","https://openalex.org/W4380610130","https://openalex.org/W4391114726","https://openalex.org/W2102791009","https://openalex.org/W4385452615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,119],"presents":[2],"a":[3,22,28,70,79,99],"compact":[4],"RF":[5],"energy":[6,15,116,122,153,158],"harvesting":[7],"wireless":[8],"sensor":[9],"node":[10],"with":[11],"the":[12,45,48,105,110,139,146],"antenna,":[13],"rectifier,":[14],"management":[16,133],"circuits,":[17],"and":[18,27,69,128,155],"load":[19],"integrated":[20],"on":[21,151],"single":[23],"printed":[24],"circuit":[25],"board":[26],"total":[29],"size":[30],"of":[31,63,73,84,101],"53":[32],"mm":[33,36],"\u00d7":[34,37],"59.77":[35],"4.5":[38],"mm.":[39],"By":[40],"etching":[41],"rectangular":[42],"slots":[43],"in":[44],"radiation":[46],"patch,":[47],"antenna":[49,56],"area":[50],"is":[51,57],"reduced":[52],"by":[53],"13.9%.":[54],"The":[55,76,91,135],"tested":[58],"to":[59],"have":[60],"an":[61,121,130],"S11":[62],"-24.9":[64],"dB":[65],"at":[66,86,98],"2.437":[67],"GHz":[68],"maximum":[71,80],"gain":[72],"4.8":[74],"dBi.":[75],"rectifier":[77],"has":[78],"RF-to-DC":[81],"conversion":[82,111],"efficiency":[83,112],"52.53%":[85],"7":[87],"dBm":[88],"input":[89,115,152],"energy.":[90],"proposed":[92,140],"WSN":[93,141],"can":[94,142],"achieve":[95],"self-powered":[96],"operation":[97],"distance":[100],"13.4":[102],"m":[103],"from":[104],"transmitter":[106],"source.":[107],"To":[108],"enhance":[109],"under":[113],"different":[114],"densities,":[117],"this":[118],"establishes":[120],"model":[123],"for":[124],"two":[125,147],"operating":[126,148],"modes":[127,149],"proposes":[129],"energy-intensity":[131],"adaptive":[132],"algorithm.":[134],"experiments":[136],"demonstrated":[137],"that":[138],"effectively":[143],"distinguish":[144],"between":[145],"based":[150],"intensity":[154],"realize":[156],"efficient":[157],"management.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
