{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387843816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","title":"Investigation of Material Loading on an Evolved Antecedent Hexagonal CSRR-Loaded Electrically Small Antenna","display_name":"Investigation of Material Loading on an Evolved Antecedent Hexagonal CSRR-Loaded Electrically Small Antenna","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387843816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8624/pdf?version=1697880748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8624/pdf?version=1697880748","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027283753","display_name":"Jake Peng Sean Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-5844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jake Peng Sean Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009120505","display_name":"Yee Loon Sum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yee Loon Sum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069808079","display_name":"Boon\u2010Hee Soong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boon Hee Soong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034429631","display_name":"Paulo J.M. Monteiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-1783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo J. M. Monteiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, 725 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, 725 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027283753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06720637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"20","first_page":"8624","last_page":"8624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6057655215263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.5341322422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48527857661247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.4303855895996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.42638784646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2592695355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2154308557510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21386709809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19164970517158508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6057655215263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.5341322422027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48527857661247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.4303855895996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.42638784646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2592695355415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2154308557510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21386709809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19164970517158508}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8624/pdf?version=1697880748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37896716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10610655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10610655","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610655/pdf/sensors-23-08624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aee9d417b24f4920999cc14605204e20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aee9d417b24f4920999cc14605204e20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 20, p 8624 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/172905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/172905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/20/8624/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8624/pdf?version=1697880748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387843816.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489096603","https://openalex.org/W1578482343","https://openalex.org/W1979746976","https://openalex.org/W1982393363","https://openalex.org/W2001454514","https://openalex.org/W2037415661","https://openalex.org/W2043041333","https://openalex.org/W2047492005","https://openalex.org/W2094277237","https://openalex.org/W2108400385","https://openalex.org/W2129415217","https://openalex.org/W2148020016","https://openalex.org/W2276063734","https://openalex.org/W2331920073","https://openalex.org/W2560579486","https://openalex.org/W2608553176","https://openalex.org/W2751512711","https://openalex.org/W2777155153","https://openalex.org/W2795262473","https://openalex.org/W2803673683","https://openalex.org/W2911408275","https://openalex.org/W2941804887","https://openalex.org/W3005807871","https://openalex.org/W3015880906","https://openalex.org/W3046387343","https://openalex.org/W3088170805","https://openalex.org/W3110769412","https://openalex.org/W3130074370","https://openalex.org/W3136248339","https://openalex.org/W3149436357","https://openalex.org/W4206152430","https://openalex.org/W4231262583","https://openalex.org/W4246589876","https://openalex.org/W4283219269","https://openalex.org/W6634476415","https://openalex.org/W6702654501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2087608731","https://openalex.org/W2145437567","https://openalex.org/W1486956228","https://openalex.org/W3089955042","https://openalex.org/W2136855998","https://openalex.org/W2020934979","https://openalex.org/W2744035308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,62,141,147,153],"embedded":[3,115],"antenna":[4,47,57,113,184],"and":[5,25,51,82,89,130,144,187],"sensor":[6,185],"technologies":[7],"for":[8,22,192],"5G":[9,183],"communications":[10],"have":[11],"galvanized":[12],"a":[13,63,94,96,102,108,137,189],"response":[14],"toward":[15],"the":[16,33,55,168,172],"investigation":[17],"of":[18,35,54,76,86,125,171,197],"their":[19],"electromagnetic":[20],"performance":[21],"urban":[23],"contexts":[24],"civil":[26],"engineering":[27],"applications.":[28],"This":[29],"article":[30],"quantitatively":[31],"investigates":[32],"effects":[34],"material":[36],"loading":[37,154],"on":[38,101],"an":[39,73,157],"evolved":[40],"antecedent":[41],"hexagonal":[42],"complementary":[43],"split-ring":[44],"resonator":[45],"(CSRR)-loaded":[46],"design":[48],"through":[49],"simulation":[50,64],"experimentation.":[52],"Optimization":[53],"narrowband":[56],"system":[58],"was":[59],"first":[60],"performed":[61],"environment":[65],"to":[66,166,180],"achieve":[67],"resonance":[68],"at":[69],"3.50":[70],"GHz,":[71],"featuring":[72],"impedance":[74,148],"bandwidth":[75],"1.57%":[77],"with":[78,121],"maximum":[79],"return":[80],"loss":[81],"theoretical":[83],"gain":[84],"values":[85],"20.0":[87],"dB":[88],"1.80":[90],"dBi,":[91],"respectively.":[92],"As":[93],"proof-of-concept,":[95],"physical":[97],"prototype":[98],"is":[99,161],"fabricated":[100],"printed":[103],"circuit":[104],"board":[105],"followed":[106],"by":[107,151],"simulation-based":[109],"parametric":[110],"study":[111],"involving":[112],"prototypes":[114],"into":[116],"Ordinary":[117],"Portland":[118],"Cement":[119],"pastes":[120],"varying":[122],"weight":[123],"percentages":[124],"iron(III)":[126],"oxide":[127],"inclusions.":[128],"Simulation-derived":[129],"experimental":[131],"results":[132],"are":[133],"mutually":[134],"verified,":[135],"achieving":[136],"systemic":[138],"downward":[139],"shift":[140],"resonant":[142],"frequency":[143],"corresponding":[145],"variations":[146],"matching":[149],"induced":[150],"changes":[152],"reactance.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"inversion":[158],"modeling":[159],"procedure":[160],"employed":[162],"using":[163],"perturbation":[164],"theory":[165],"extrapolate":[167],"relative":[169],"permittivity":[170],"dielectric":[173,195],"loaded":[174],"materials.":[175],"Our":[176],"proposed":[177],"analysis":[178],"contributes":[179],"optimizing":[181],"concrete-embedded":[182],"designs":[186],"establishes":[188],"foundational":[190],"framework":[191],"estimating":[193],"unknown":[194],"parameters":[196],"cementitious":[198],"composites.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
