{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387813183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208591","title":"Tool Wear State Identification Based on SVM Optimized by the Improved Northern Goshawk Optimization","display_name":"Tool Wear State Identification Based on SVM Optimized by the Improved Northern Goshawk Optimization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387813183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208591","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8591/pdf?version=1697784294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8591/pdf?version=1697784294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000309988","display_name":"Jiaqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8446-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8446-2933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066448754","display_name":"Zhong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-6170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-6170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100568360","display_name":"Xiao Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Longgang Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Wenzhou 325802, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Longgang Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Wenzhou 325802, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031240825","display_name":"Ji Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-1814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461992","display_name":"Wenqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5818-853X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100568360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4816,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88953216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"20","first_page":"8591","last_page":"8591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.836988091468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tool-wear","display_name":"Tool wear","score":0.6296022534370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6088455319404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5927078127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5678813457489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5254247188568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5053949356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime","display_name":"Downtime","score":0.4794784486293793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.46080824732780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machining","display_name":"Machining","score":0.4517892003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43721210956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43466728925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4064231812953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3393493890762329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.836988091468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776450708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008734","display_name":"Tool wear","level":3,"score":0.6296022534370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6088455319404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5927078127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5678813457489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5254247188568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5053949356079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.4794784486293793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46080824732780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.4517892003059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43721210956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43466728925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43278735876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4064231812953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3393493890762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8591/pdf?version=1697784294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37896684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10610562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10610562","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610562/pdf/sensors-23-08591.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:038b4e8c163e43e1a12a824a49281c29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/038b4e8c163e43e1a12a824a49281c29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 20, p 8591 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8591/pdf?version=1697784294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2370732832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11133132612005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324847","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5068708810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LGYJY2021005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6913185564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11130531282004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324847","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7890085003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11130531282004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7909993537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11133132612005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322951","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324847","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387813183.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971874375","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2164350540","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2591089466","https://openalex.org/W2766824840","https://openalex.org/W2789008277","https://openalex.org/W2972669094","https://openalex.org/W2988022918","https://openalex.org/W2994578999","https://openalex.org/W2998553334","https://openalex.org/W3022965296","https://openalex.org/W3049009807","https://openalex.org/W3088834512","https://openalex.org/W3097198725","https://openalex.org/W3215000345","https://openalex.org/W4200318892","https://openalex.org/W4206385874","https://openalex.org/W4213365729","https://openalex.org/W4220761723","https://openalex.org/W4221133782","https://openalex.org/W4280652402","https://openalex.org/W4283277618","https://openalex.org/W4283739159","https://openalex.org/W4286470648","https://openalex.org/W4292059111","https://openalex.org/W4296889390","https://openalex.org/W4307442568","https://openalex.org/W4308966337","https://openalex.org/W4309030243","https://openalex.org/W4309942536","https://openalex.org/W4311212189","https://openalex.org/W4313402926","https://openalex.org/W4318713762","https://openalex.org/W4321349047","https://openalex.org/W4361207342","https://openalex.org/W4385163820","https://openalex.org/W4385256789","https://openalex.org/W4385438237","https://openalex.org/W6684315639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046276983","https://openalex.org/W2954002293","https://openalex.org/W2892741875","https://openalex.org/W2164372000","https://openalex.org/W2078264086","https://openalex.org/W2109143577","https://openalex.org/W1985537075","https://openalex.org/W2161582432","https://openalex.org/W1972812226","https://openalex.org/W4319073490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tool":[0],"wear":[1,18,53,75,115],"condition":[2],"significantly":[3],"influences":[4],"equipment":[5],"downtime":[6],"and":[7,39,110],"machining":[8],"precision,":[9],"necessitating":[10],"the":[11,25,35,51,59,90],"exploration":[12],"of":[13,46,127,135],"a":[14,73,113,131],"more":[15],"accurate":[16],"tool":[17,52,74],"state":[19,54,76],"identification":[20,77],"technique.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,119],"paper,":[24],"wavelet":[26],"packet":[27],"thresholding":[28],"denoising":[29],"method":[30],"is":[31,55],"used":[32],"to":[33,50,88,97],"process":[34],"acquired":[36],"multi-source":[37],"signals":[38],"extract":[40],"several":[41],"signal":[42],"features.":[43],"The":[44,100],"set":[45],"features":[47],"most":[48],"relevant":[49],"screened":[56],"out":[57],"by":[58],"support":[60,91],"vector":[61,92],"machine":[62,93],"recursive":[63],"feature":[64],"elimination":[65],"(SVM-RFE).":[66],"Utilizing":[67],"these":[68],"selected":[69],"features,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"model,":[78],"which":[79],"utilizes":[80],"an":[81],"improved":[82],"northern":[83],"goshawk":[84],"optimization":[85],"(INGO)":[86],"algorithm":[87],"optimize":[89],"(SVM),":[94],"hereby":[95],"referred":[96],"as":[98],"INGO-SVM.":[99],"simulation":[101],"tests":[102],"reveal":[103],"that":[104,118],"INGO":[105],"demonstrates":[106],"superior":[107],"convergence":[108],"efficacy":[109],"stability.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"milling":[114],"experiment":[116],"confirms":[117],"approach":[120],"outperforms":[121],"five":[122],"other":[123],"methods":[124],"in":[125],"terms":[126],"recognition":[128],"accuracy,":[129],"achieving":[130],"remarkable":[132],"accuracy":[133],"rate":[134],"97.9%.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
