{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387743592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208551","title":"A Low-Complexity Hand Gesture Recognition Framework via Dual mmWave FMCW Radar System","display_name":"A Low-Complexity Hand Gesture Recognition Framework via Dual mmWave FMCW Radar System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387743592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8551/pdf?version=1697621596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8551/pdf?version=1697621596","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009833423","display_name":"Y Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6752-0464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinzhe Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6752-0464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041274874","display_name":"Lou Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-1163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lou Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-1163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060754704","display_name":"Chunshan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-7743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunshan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-7743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062281576","display_name":"M. J. Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3125-3913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhao Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3125-3913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041274874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.6574,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84167457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"20","first_page":"8551","last_page":"8551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7248806953430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6763232946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6444082260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.6298595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5722524523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.56013023853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5278682112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5183359384536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.4549235701560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32485252618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19484522938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.153164803981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12604591250419617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7248806953430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6763232946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6444082260131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.6298595666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5722524523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.56013023853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5278682112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5183359384536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4549235701560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32485252618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19484522938728333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.153164803981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12604591250419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8551/pdf?version=1697621596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37896646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10611228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10611228","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10611228/pdf/sensors-23-08551.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd20a02f03954ce2ad876d0500efec82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd20a02f03954ce2ad876d0500efec82","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 20, p 8551 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8551/pdf?version=1697621596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1201617692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK229909299001-013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1666013603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42176190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5766545065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK229909299001-013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8525566020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZ22F010001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4554350417","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387743592.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628685102","https://openalex.org/W1993666393","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2079447555","https://openalex.org/W2083587404","https://openalex.org/W2087455143","https://openalex.org/W2127461771","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2142194269","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2531174837","https://openalex.org/W2581555918","https://openalex.org/W2608873842","https://openalex.org/W2752803734","https://openalex.org/W2768613576","https://openalex.org/W2922148914","https://openalex.org/W2948130975","https://openalex.org/W2967554443","https://openalex.org/W2968303571","https://openalex.org/W3015814362","https://openalex.org/W3042710331","https://openalex.org/W3046575259","https://openalex.org/W3080437961","https://openalex.org/W3127000115","https://openalex.org/W3133546873","https://openalex.org/W3138550740","https://openalex.org/W3161657383","https://openalex.org/W3162053712","https://openalex.org/W4210607509","https://openalex.org/W4223626062","https://openalex.org/W4281908784","https://openalex.org/W4285118056","https://openalex.org/W4285259512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W4312416068","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W342863993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"this":[1,24],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,116],"propose":[4],"a":[5,13,96,118,139,147],"novel":[6],"low-complexity":[7],"hand":[8],"gesture":[9,144,163,174],"recognition":[10,145,164],"framework":[11],"via":[12],"multiple":[14],"Frequency":[15],"Modulation":[16],"Continuous":[17],"Wave":[18],"(FMCW)":[19],"radar-based":[20],"sensing":[21],"system.":[22],"considered":[25],"system,":[26],"two":[27,113],"radars":[28,52],"are":[29],"deployed":[30],"distributively":[31],"to":[32,89,94,132],"acquire":[33],"motion":[34,91,129],"vectors":[35,93,131],"from":[36,50],"different":[37,51,134],"observation":[38],"perspectives.":[39],"We":[40],"first":[41],"independently":[42],"extract":[43],"reflection":[44,58,78],"points":[45,59],"of":[46,76,107,111,143,160],"the":[47,55,64,108,112,127,158,161,168],"interested":[48],"target":[49],"by":[53],"applying":[54],"proposed":[56,162],"neighboring":[57],"detection":[60],"method":[61],"after":[62],"processing":[63],"traditional":[65],"2-dimensional":[66],"Fast":[67],"Fourier":[68],"Transform":[69],"(2D-FFT).":[70],"The":[71,153],"obtained":[72],"sufficient":[73],"corresponding":[74],"information":[75],"detected":[77],"points,":[79],"e.g.,":[80,151,166],"distances,":[81],"velocities,":[82],"and":[83,171],"angle":[84],"information,":[85],"can":[86,137],"be":[87],"exploited":[88],"synthesize":[90],"velocity":[92,130],"achieve":[95,138],"high":[97,141],"signal-to-noise":[98],"ratio":[99],"(SNR)":[100],"performance,":[101],"which":[102,136],"does":[103],"not":[104],"require":[105],"knowledge":[106],"relative":[109],"position":[110],"radars.":[114],"Furthermore,":[115],"utilize":[117],"long":[119],"short-term":[120],"memory":[121],"(LSTM)":[122],"network":[123],"as":[124,126],"well":[125],"synthesized":[128],"classify":[133],"gestures,":[135],"significantly":[140],"accuracy":[142],"with":[146],"1600-sample":[148],"data":[149],"set,":[150],"98.0%.":[152],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"also":[156],"illustrate":[157],"robustness":[159],"systems,":[165],"changing":[167],"environment":[169],"background":[170],"adding":[172],"new":[173],"performers.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
