{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387503356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208361","title":"BL-YOLOv8: An Improved Road Defect Detection Model Based on YOLOv8","display_name":"BL-YOLOv8: An Improved Road Defect Detection Model Based on YOLOv8","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387503356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208361","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8361/pdf?version=1696930561","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8361/pdf?version=1696930561","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012936787","display_name":"Xueqiu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqiu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025348592","display_name":"Huanbing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huanbing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zemeng Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zemeng Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406497","display_name":"Zijian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building Technology, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025348592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":41.3383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":288,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9999106,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"20","first_page":"8361","last_page":"8361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7316529154777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5604105591773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5457696914672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5158683657646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4690048396587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4669813811779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45692893862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4507935643196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.4375399649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3513404130935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3416033387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.147670716047287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7316529154777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5604105591773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5457696914672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5158683657646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4690048396587372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4669813811779022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45692893862724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4507935643196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4375399649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3513404130935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3416033387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.147670716047287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8361/pdf?version=1696930561","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37896455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37896455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10610575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10610575","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10610575/pdf/sensors-23-08361.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ef0339fbe7441009af29b2aec113357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ef0339fbe7441009af29b2aec113357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 20, p 8361 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23208361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208361","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8361/pdf?version=1696930561","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387503356.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2898732869","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2970107519","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3099452838","https://openalex.org/W3102710196","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3137274716","https://openalex.org/W3139465810","https://openalex.org/W3170407091","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3200966602","https://openalex.org/W4205215834","https://openalex.org/W4214507171","https://openalex.org/W4296038296","https://openalex.org/W4306735878","https://openalex.org/W4320024077","https://openalex.org/W4323647442","https://openalex.org/W4372347372","https://openalex.org/W4386075524","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4390873076","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6779586474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W1496225612","https://openalex.org/W2765338038","https://openalex.org/W4386191828","https://openalex.org/W1566843515","https://openalex.org/W4292850564","https://openalex.org/W1523500768","https://openalex.org/W4206776094","https://openalex.org/W3121197456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"defect":[1,33,202],"detection":[2,18,34,203],"is":[3,39],"a":[4,99,170,178,193],"crucial":[5],"task":[6],"for":[7,196],"promptly":[8],"repairing":[9],"road":[10,14,32,146,201],"damage":[11],"and":[12,22,71,112,177],"ensuring":[13],"safety.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"manual":[17],"methods":[19],"are":[20],"inefficient":[21],"costly.":[23],"To":[24],"overcome":[25],"this":[26,44],"issue,":[27],"we":[28,46,80,96,120],"propose":[29],"an":[30,159],"enhanced":[31,123],"algorithm":[35],"called":[36],"BL-YOLOv8,":[37],"which":[38,91],"based":[40],"on":[41],"YOLOv8s.":[42],"In":[43,153],"study,":[45],"optimized":[47,81],"the":[48,57,60,66,77,82,88,108,114,122,132,142,149,156,197],"YOLOv8s":[49],"model":[50,125],"by":[51,86,148],"reconstructing":[52],"its":[53,93],"neck":[54],"structure":[55],"through":[56],"integration":[58],"of":[59,116,134,145,161,172,180,199],"BiFPN":[61],"concept.":[62],"This":[63,187],"optimization":[64],"reduces":[65],"model's":[67,78,109],"parameters,":[68],"computational":[69,183],"load,":[70],"overall":[72],"size.":[73],"Furthermore,":[74],"to":[75,106,130,155],"enhance":[76,113],"operation,":[79],"feature":[83],"pyramid":[84],"layer":[85],"introducing":[87],"SimSPPF":[89],"module,":[90],"improves":[92],"speed.":[94],"Moreover,":[95,169],"introduced":[97],"LSK-attention,":[98],"dynamic":[100],"large":[101],"convolutional":[102],"kernel":[103],"attention":[104],"mechanism,":[105],"expand":[107],"receptive":[110],"field":[111],"accuracy":[115],"object":[117],"detection.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"compared":[121],"YOLOv8":[124,151],"with":[126],"other":[127],"existing":[128],"models":[129],"validate":[131],"effectiveness":[133],"our":[135],"proposed":[136,188],"improvements.":[137],"The":[138],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"confirmed":[141],"effective":[143],"recognition":[144],"defects":[147],"improved":[150],"algorithm.":[152],"comparison":[154],"original":[157],"model,":[158],"improvement":[160],"3.3%":[162],"in":[163,174,182],"average":[164],"precision":[165],"mAP@0.5":[166],"was":[167],"observed.":[168],"reduction":[171],"29.92%":[173],"parameter":[175],"volume":[176],"decrease":[179],"11.45%":[181],"load":[184],"were":[185],"achieved.":[186],"approach":[189],"can":[190],"serve":[191],"as":[192],"valuable":[194],"reference":[195],"development":[198],"automatic":[200],"methods.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-29T09:21:14.243279","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}