{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387169076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","title":"Data-Driven Network Analysis for Anomaly Traffic Detection","display_name":"Data-Driven Network Analysis for Anomaly Traffic Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387169076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37837004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8174/pdf?version=1695988050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8174/pdf?version=1695988050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112856602","display_name":"Shumon Alam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250520410","display_name":"Prairie View A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/0449kf092","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shumon Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073640342","display_name":"Yasin Alam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasin Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005118558","display_name":"Suxia Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-3272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250520410","display_name":"Prairie View A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/0449kf092","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suxia Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-3272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045015100","display_name":"Cajetan M. Akujuobi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I250520410","display_name":"Prairie View A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/0449kf092","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cajetan Akujuobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112856602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I250520410"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76856333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"19","first_page":"8174","last_page":"8174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.811881959438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8046845197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.702983021736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6528451442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5748562812805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5488486886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5467705130577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netflow","display_name":"NetFlow","score":0.5271365642547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4380650520324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4353179335594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4262852072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.39399009943008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3844166696071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22851356863975525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.811881959438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8046845197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.702983021736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6528451442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5748562812805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5488486886024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5467705130577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188067584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219363","display_name":"NetFlow","level":2,"score":0.5271365642547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4380650520324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4353179335594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4262852072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.39399009943008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3844166696071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22851356863975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8174/pdf?version=1695988050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37837004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37837004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10574999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10574999","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10574999/pdf/sensors-23-08174.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3676f82c8ff94da9a222a354c9bdd3ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3676f82c8ff94da9a222a354c9bdd3ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 19, p 8174 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/19/8174/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8174/pdf?version=1695988050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5438496457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"552456-00000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307801","funder_display_name":"Texas Instruments"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307801","display_name":"Texas Instruments","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387169076.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158061484","https://openalex.org/W2028070713","https://openalex.org/W2031163547","https://openalex.org/W2077137143","https://openalex.org/W2077488147","https://openalex.org/W2089280442","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2336023257","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2924689635","https://openalex.org/W2942578132","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W3016974523","https://openalex.org/W3123463689","https://openalex.org/W3160293743","https://openalex.org/W4366250550","https://openalex.org/W6673037995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3088530179","https://openalex.org/W2061466315","https://openalex.org/W4385692127","https://openalex.org/W2121836138","https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W2377721740","https://openalex.org/W2010561419","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1977863481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cybersecurity":[0],"is":[1,196,209],"a":[2,94,100],"critical":[3],"issue":[4],"in":[5,211],"today's":[6,21],"internet":[7],"world.":[8],"Classical":[9],"security":[10],"systems,":[11],"such":[12,76,113],"as":[13,77,114],"firewalls":[14],"based":[15,28,170,182],"on":[16,171,183],"signature":[17],"detection,":[18],"cannot":[19],"detect":[20],"sophisticated":[22],"zero-day":[23],"attacks.":[24],"Machine":[25],"learning":[26],"(ML)":[27],"solutions":[29],"are":[30,64],"more":[31],"attractive":[32],"for":[33,69],"their":[34],"capabilities":[35],"of":[36,85,110,143,146,155,159,193,200],"detecting":[37,156],"anomaly":[38,48,157],"traffic":[39,158],"from":[40],"benign":[41],"traffic,":[42,112],"but":[43],"to":[44,58,198],"develop":[45],"an":[46],"ML-based":[47],"detection":[49,61,96],"system,":[50],"we":[51,98,123,150],"need":[52,99],"meaningful":[53],"or":[54,89,129],"realistic":[55,101,126],"network":[56,67,127,175],"datasets":[57,68,130],"train":[59],"the":[60,78,83,141,153,172,184,191,194,206],"engine.":[62],"There":[63],"many":[65,201],"public":[66],"ML":[70,168],"applications.":[71],"Still,":[72],"they":[73],"have":[74,124,151],"limitations,":[75],"data":[79,128],"creation":[80],"process":[81],"and":[82,107,117,135,163,177],"lack":[84],"diverse":[86,136],"attack":[87,105,133],"scenarios":[88,106,134],"background":[90,111],"traffic.":[91,119,138],"To":[92],"create":[93],"good":[95],"engine,":[97],"dataset":[102],"with":[103],"various":[104,108,132],"types":[109],"HTTPs,":[115],"streaming,":[116],"SMTP":[118],"In":[120],"this":[121],"work,":[122],"developed":[125,166],"considering":[131,140],"background/benign":[137],"Furthermore,":[139],"importance":[142],"distributed":[144],"denial":[145],"service":[147],"(DDoS)":[148],"attacks,":[149],"compared":[152],"performance":[154,192],"some":[160],"classical":[161,202],"supervised":[162,203],"our":[164],"prior":[165],"unsupervised":[167],"algorithms":[169],"convolutional":[173],"neural":[174],"(CNN)":[176],"pseudo":[178],"auto-encoder":[179],"(AE)":[180],"architecture":[181],"created":[185],"datasets.":[186],"The":[187],"results":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190,199],"CNN-Pseudo-AE":[195,207],"comparable":[197],"algorithms.":[204],"Hence,":[205],"algorithm":[208],"promising":[210],"actual":[212],"implementation.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}