{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387186855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198169","title":"Identification of Underground Artificial Cavities Based on the Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Identification of Underground Artificial Cavities Based on the Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387186855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198169","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8169/pdf?version=1695983066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8169/pdf?version=1695983066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074130686","display_name":"Jigen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1528-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jigen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076303043","display_name":"Ronghua Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-8960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043960116","display_name":"Zhiqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003940394","display_name":"Junyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3760-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3760-6708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 22nd Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xinxiang 453003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101019411","display_name":"Yizhuo He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhuo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026079344","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-0538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003940394","https://openalex.org/A5076303043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957","https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.3903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53386454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"19","first_page":"8169","last_page":"8169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7439088821411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7020341157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6942757368087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6398705244064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5138640403747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4584474265575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40919312834739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3643151819705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3553321957588196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7439088821411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7020341157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6942757368087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6398705244064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5138640403747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4584474265575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40919312834739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3643151819705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3553321957588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8169/pdf?version=1695983066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37836999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10575264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10575264","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575264/pdf/sensors-23-08169.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de6a605dc88549549e3135e318e603ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de6a605dc88549549e3135e318e603ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 19, p 8169 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8169/pdf?version=1695983066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387186855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387186855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1985322490","https://openalex.org/W2041465210","https://openalex.org/W2150377124","https://openalex.org/W2519080876","https://openalex.org/W2741056591","https://openalex.org/W2767687314","https://openalex.org/W2790327408","https://openalex.org/W2799944220","https://openalex.org/W2912451807","https://openalex.org/W2931694537","https://openalex.org/W2942815524","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963249133","https://openalex.org/W2996541556","https://openalex.org/W3190812066","https://openalex.org/W4224234490","https://openalex.org/W4226337850","https://openalex.org/W4294805038","https://openalex.org/W4365517650","https://openalex.org/W4380534761","https://openalex.org/W4380738519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2318112981","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4225147082","https://openalex.org/W2898732673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,13,22,36,61,96,108,121,153,162,168],"underground":[3,23,37,46,62,74,88,122,133,170],"artificial":[4,24,38,63,75,89,109,123,134,171],"cavities":[5,25,39,135,172],"plays":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,45,113,160],"the":[11,18,32,56,81,92,105,114,119,138,151,154,163],"exploitation":[12],"urban":[14],"spatial":[15],"resources.":[16],"As":[17],"rapidly":[19],"growing":[20],"number":[21],"with":[26,104,173],"different":[27],"depths":[28],"and":[29,34,59,101,166],"scales":[30],"increases,":[31],"detection":[33],"identification":[35,71],"has":[40],"become":[41],"a":[42,97,128,146],"key":[43],"issue":[44],"engineering":[47],"studies.":[48],"Geophysical":[49],"techniques":[50],"have":[51],"been":[52],"widely":[53],"used":[54],"for":[55,73,85,132],"construction,":[57],"management,":[58],"maintenance":[60],"cavities.":[64,76],"In":[65],"this":[66],"study,":[67],"we":[68,126],"present":[69],"two":[70],"methods":[72],"Apparent":[77],"resistivity":[78,175],"imaging":[79],"is":[80],"most":[82],"popular":[83],"technique":[84],"quickly":[86],"identifying":[87,169],"cavities,":[90,110],"using":[91],"forward":[93],"simulation":[94],"results":[95],"three-dimensional":[98],"earth":[99],"model":[100],"comparing":[102],"these":[103],"preset":[106],"positions":[107],"as":[111],"demonstrated":[112],"experiment.":[115],"To":[116],"further":[117],"improve":[118],"efficiency":[120,167],"cavity":[124],"identification,":[125],"developed":[127],"fast":[129],"recognition":[130],"approach":[131],"based":[136],"on":[137],"Bayesian":[139],"convolutional":[140,148],"neural":[141,149],"network":[142],"(BCNN).":[143],"Compared":[144],"to":[145],"traditional":[147],"network,":[150],"performance":[152],"BCNN":[155],"method":[156],"was":[157],"greatly":[158],"improved":[159],"terms":[161],"classification":[164],"accuracy":[165],"apparent":[174],"image":[176],"datasets.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}