{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387186357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","title":"Effect of Forearm Postures and Elbow Joint Angles on Elbow Flexion Torque and Mechanomyography in Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Biceps Brachii","display_name":"Effect of Forearm Postures and Elbow Joint Angles on Elbow Flexion Torque and Mechanomyography in Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Biceps Brachii","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387186357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165/pdf?version=1695986834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165/pdf?version=1695986834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003152710","display_name":"Raphael Uwamahoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087849","display_name":"University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/00286hs46","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}],"countries":["MY","RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Uwamahoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","Regional Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Engineering and e-Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Engineering and e-Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080806243","display_name":"Kenneth Sundaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Sundaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020896851","display_name":"Farah Shahnaz Feroz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-633X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Shahnaz Feroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080806243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6405,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60876814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"19","first_page":"8165","last_page":"8165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow","display_name":"Elbow","score":0.856744647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forearm","display_name":"Forearm","score":0.832389235496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.826129138469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow-flexion","display_name":"Elbow flexion","score":0.6012266278266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.5141022801399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.47290027141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.43253523111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4223966598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.4182316064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.41322046518325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.37665268778800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1826489269733429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow","level":2,"score":0.856744647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780214079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228537","display_name":"Forearm","level":2,"score":0.832389235496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.826129138469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019131375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow flexion","level":3,"score":0.6012266278266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5141022801399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47290027141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.43253523111343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4223966598510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4182316064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.41322046518325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37665268778800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1826489269733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005542","descriptor_name":"Forearm","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165/pdf?version=1695986834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37836995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10575078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10575078","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575078/pdf/sensors-23-08165.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc189a40f5c74619a0090bf164f32f64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc189a40f5c74619a0090bf164f32f64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 19, p 8165 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/19/8165/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165/pdf?version=1695986834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387186357.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512847092","https://openalex.org/W1568878853","https://openalex.org/W1777766398","https://openalex.org/W1876665700","https://openalex.org/W1967290030","https://openalex.org/W1971653192","https://openalex.org/W1973675531","https://openalex.org/W1974535985","https://openalex.org/W1976925138","https://openalex.org/W1981737870","https://openalex.org/W2009850254","https://openalex.org/W2014346965","https://openalex.org/W2017395914","https://openalex.org/W2018834230","https://openalex.org/W2043586790","https://openalex.org/W2046385379","https://openalex.org/W2056059513","https://openalex.org/W2056513835","https://openalex.org/W2061396898","https://openalex.org/W2063383224","https://openalex.org/W2083417758","https://openalex.org/W2099654326","https://openalex.org/W2113450898","https://openalex.org/W2119664527","https://openalex.org/W2129944454","https://openalex.org/W2130232448","https://openalex.org/W2134659836","https://openalex.org/W2139402663","https://openalex.org/W2141880448","https://openalex.org/W2145329860","https://openalex.org/W2161552863","https://openalex.org/W2170780427","https://openalex.org/W2335006281","https://openalex.org/W2419215018","https://openalex.org/W2558928405","https://openalex.org/W2790160833","https://openalex.org/W2896978988","https://openalex.org/W2911915338","https://openalex.org/W2946740104","https://openalex.org/W2982729649","https://openalex.org/W2984068370","https://openalex.org/W3005995311","https://openalex.org/W3006306551","https://openalex.org/W3043551538","https://openalex.org/W3048629534","https://openalex.org/W3120909744","https://openalex.org/W3165634558","https://openalex.org/W3174038692","https://openalex.org/W4223893794","https://openalex.org/W4306835708","https://openalex.org/W4385732770","https://openalex.org/W6639288618","https://openalex.org/W6797694640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018246831","https://openalex.org/W2378740985","https://openalex.org/W2065181429","https://openalex.org/W2056853064","https://openalex.org/W3126333532","https://openalex.org/W1970554925","https://openalex.org/W2163669915","https://openalex.org/W2071371958","https://openalex.org/W2298172608","https://openalex.org/W2347998847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuromuscular":[0],"electrical":[1,26,107],"stimulation":[2,108],"plays":[3],"a":[4,36,306,370],"pivotal":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,79,124,284,309,313,356,373,380],"rehabilitating":[8],"muscle":[9,57,76,116,196,332,352,361,393],"function":[10,366],"among":[11,241],"individuals":[12],"with":[13,282],"neurological":[14],"impairment.":[15],"However,":[16,250,297],"there":[17],"remains":[18],"uncertainty":[19],"regarding":[20],"whether":[21],"the":[22,46,56,64,67,72,111,120,125,146,149,157,161,170,174,180,187,194,205,218,227,233,243,251,256,266,277,285,301,314,318,324,331,341,360,365,376,381,388],"muscle\u2019s":[23],"response":[24,310],"to":[25,44,212,290,311],"excitation":[27],"is":[28,369,399],"affected":[29],"by":[30,335,340,359],"forearm":[31,49,121,150,219,257],"posture,":[32],"joint":[33,53,154,261,286,315],"angle,":[34],"or":[35,128],"combination":[37],"of":[38,48,63,71,110,137,148,160,193,255,323,367,378,383,391],"both":[39],"factors.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42,144,273],"aimed":[43],"investigate":[45],"effects":[47],"postures":[50,244],"and":[51,59,69,93,105,141,152,179,190,207,221,236,245,259,279,292,303,320,345,354,396],"elbow":[52,68,102,132,153,222,260],"angles":[54,136,246],"on":[55,156],"torque":[58,65,162,206],"MMG":[60,70,166,208,379],"signals.":[61],"Measurements":[62],"around":[66],"biceps":[73],"brachii":[74],"(BB)":[75],"were":[77,184],"conducted":[78],"36":[80],"healthy":[81],"subjects":[82],"(age,":[83],"22.24":[84],"\u00b1":[85,90,96],"2.94":[86],"years;":[87],"height,":[88],"172":[89],"0.5":[91],"cm;":[92],"weight,":[94],"67.01":[95],"7.22":[97],"kg)":[98],"using":[99],"an":[100],"in-house":[101],"flexion":[103,223],"testbed":[104],"neuromuscular":[106],"(NMES)":[109],"BB":[112,115,195,325],"muscle.":[113,326],"The":[114,131,143,198,272],"was":[117,122,133,263],"stimulated":[118],"while":[119],"positioned":[123],"neutral,":[126],"pronation,":[127],"supination":[129],"positions.":[130],"flexed":[134],"at":[135,294],"10\u00b0,":[138],"30\u00b0,":[139],"60\u00b0,":[140],"90\u00b0.":[142],"analyzed":[145,185],"impact":[147],"posture(s)":[151],"angle(s)":[155],"root-mean-square":[158,171],"value":[159,172],"(TQRMS).":[163],"Subsequently,":[164],"various":[165],"parameters,":[167],"such":[168],"as":[169],"(MMGRMS),":[173],"mean":[175],"power":[176],"frequency":[177,182],"(MMGMPF),":[178],"median":[181],"(MMGMDF),":[183],"along":[186,265],"longitudinal,":[188],"lateral,":[189],"transverse":[191,321],"axes":[192,322],"fibers.":[197],"test\u2013retest":[199],"interclass":[200],"correlation":[201],"coefficient":[202],"(ICC21)":[203],"for":[204,317,351],"ranged":[209],"from":[210,288],"0.522":[211],"0.828.":[213],"Repeated-measure":[214],"ANOVAs":[215],"showed":[216,238],"that":[217,276,330,385],"posture":[220,258],"angle":[224,262,287,316],"significantly":[225],"influenced":[226,339,358],"TQRMS":[228,280],"(p":[229,247,269],"<":[230,248],"0.05).":[231,249,271],"Similarly,":[232],"MMGRMS,":[234],"MMGMPF,":[235],"MMGMDF":[237,304],"significant":[239],"differences":[240],"all":[242],"combined":[252],"main":[253],"effect":[254],"insignificant":[264],"longitudinal":[267],"axis":[268],">":[270],"also":[274],"found":[275],"MMGRMS":[278],"increased":[281],"increases":[283,312],"10\u00b0":[289],"60\u00b0":[291],"decreased":[293],"greater":[295],"angles.":[296],"during":[298],"this":[299],"investigation,":[300],"MMGMPF":[302],"exhibited":[305],"consistent":[307],"decrease":[308],"lateral":[319],"These":[327],"findings":[328],"suggest":[329],"contraction":[333,353],"evoked":[334],"NMES":[336],"may":[337,386],"be":[338],"interplay":[342],"between":[343],"actin":[344],"myosin":[346],"filaments,":[347],"which":[348],"are":[349],"responsible":[350],"are,":[355],"turn,":[357],"length.":[362],"Because":[363],"restoring":[364],"limbs":[368],"common":[371],"goal":[372],"rehabilitation":[374],"services,":[375],"use":[377],"development":[382],"methods":[384],"enable":[387],"real-time":[389],"tracking":[390],"exact":[392],"dimensional":[394],"changes":[395],"activation":[397],"levels":[398],"imperative.":[400]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}