{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387024183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198066","title":"Micro-Doppler Effect and Sparse Representation Analysis of Underwater Targets","display_name":"Micro-Doppler Effect and Sparse Representation Analysis of Underwater Targets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387024183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8066/pdf?version=1695624849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8066/pdf?version=1695624849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729294","display_name":"Yan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8282-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015634120","display_name":"Siwei Kou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Kou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730223","display_name":"Xiaopeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-2151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015634120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.7666,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92302632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"19","first_page":"8066","last_page":"8066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7648523449897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6969764232635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.6418041586875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-pursuit","display_name":"Matching pursuit","score":0.6245256662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5648046731948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5238732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.512325644493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.4787535071372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.47038140892982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4662576913833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.45495668053627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.4519035220146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.42130348086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33175498247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2572062611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2432926893234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.165724515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12713190913200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1232512891292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.09502577781677246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7648523449897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6969764232635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.6418041586875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156872377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786281","display_name":"Matching pursuit","level":3,"score":0.6245256662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5648046731948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5238732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.512325644493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.4787535071372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.47038140892982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4662576913833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.45495668053627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.4519035220146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.42130348086357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33175498247146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2572062611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2432926893234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.165724515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12713190913200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1232512891292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.09502577781677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8066/pdf?version=1695624849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37836896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10575204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10575204","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10575204/pdf/sensors-23-08066.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41219d0b927a494ca4b52edd2adaaa48","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41219d0b927a494ca4b52edd2adaaa48","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 19, p 8066 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23198066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8066/pdf?version=1695624849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1597706352","display_name":"\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u53ef\u53d8\u7ed3\u6784\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u5206\u5f71\u50cf\u5206\u5272\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61761027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7742297968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22JR5RA381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387024183.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546437212","https://openalex.org/W1971429684","https://openalex.org/W2002455481","https://openalex.org/W2014419552","https://openalex.org/W2116543004","https://openalex.org/W2151693816","https://openalex.org/W2356175845","https://openalex.org/W2391637412","https://openalex.org/W2391640510","https://openalex.org/W2608537194","https://openalex.org/W2902325407","https://openalex.org/W2902606144","https://openalex.org/W2903892117","https://openalex.org/W2976660002","https://openalex.org/W2987794856","https://openalex.org/W3003283760","https://openalex.org/W3004033728","https://openalex.org/W3020829745","https://openalex.org/W3086509421","https://openalex.org/W3160813006","https://openalex.org/W3211760798","https://openalex.org/W4200273614","https://openalex.org/W4246099559","https://openalex.org/W4320495867","https://openalex.org/W4321788176","https://openalex.org/W4323566558","https://openalex.org/W4363675394","https://openalex.org/W6795304624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011611369","https://openalex.org/W4297791310","https://openalex.org/W4245251483","https://openalex.org/W2116148865","https://openalex.org/W4372266926","https://openalex.org/W2366556501","https://openalex.org/W2965458591","https://openalex.org/W4254934694","https://openalex.org/W2322815342","https://openalex.org/W59030693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"the":[2,17,24,45,50,91,102,113],"micro-Doppler":[3,18,51,109],"effects":[4],"of":[5,20,27,34,49,95,105],"underwater":[6,21,28,119],"targets":[7],"is":[8,58,97,124],"a":[9,59,70,108],"challenging":[10],"new":[11],"research":[12],"problem.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15,68],"studies":[16],"effect":[19,110],"targets,":[22],"analyzes":[23],"moving":[25],"characteristics":[26],"micro-motion":[29,115],"components,":[30],"establishes":[31],"echo":[32,57],"models":[33],"harmonic":[35],"vibration":[36],"points":[37],"and":[38,40,43,78,82,107,122],"plane":[39],"rotating":[41],"propellers,":[42],"reveals":[44],"complex":[46,92],"modulation":[47],"laws":[48],"effect.":[52],"In":[53],"addition,":[54],"since":[55],"an":[56],"multi-component":[60],"signal":[61,80,120],"superposed":[62],"by":[63],"multiple":[64],"modulated":[65,93],"signals,":[66],"this":[67],"provides":[69],"sparse":[71],"reconstruction":[72],"method":[73],"combined":[74],"with":[75],"time-frequency":[76,83,87],"distributions":[77],"realizes":[79,101],"separation":[81],"analysis.":[84,111],"A":[85],"MicroDopplerlet":[86],"atomic":[88],"dictionary,":[89],"matching":[90],"form":[94],"echoes,":[96],"designed,":[98],"which":[99],"effectively":[100],"concise":[103],"representation":[104],"echoes":[106],"Meanwhile,":[112],"needed":[114],"parameter":[116],"information":[117],"for":[118],"detection":[121],"recognition":[123],"extracted.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
