{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386838065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187924","title":"Adoption of Transformer Neural Network to Improve the Diagnostic Performance of Oximetry for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","display_name":"Adoption of Transformer Neural Network to Improve the Diagnostic Performance of Oximetry for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386838065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187924","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187924","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7924/pdf?version=1695024539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7924/pdf?version=1695024539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065590445","display_name":"Malak Abdullah Almarshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I240666556","display_name":"Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxjyb39","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malak Abdullah Almarshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia","Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-7521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004401480","display_name":"Saad Al-Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Al-Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-6809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064723245","display_name":"Md Saiful Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-6007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Saiful Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-6007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023134575","display_name":"Ahmed S. BaHammam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-6167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284598098","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39","country_code":"SA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. BaHammam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia","The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-6167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284598098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005560941","display_name":"Adel Soudani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-9843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Soudani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-9843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065590445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I240666556","https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.3853,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93170006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"18","first_page":"7924","last_page":"7924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11456","display_name":"Neuroscience of respiration and sleep","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.7150415182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7032480239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6238059997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6223017573356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.595589280128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5594289302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","score":0.5546320676803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5505606532096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.5305870771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5036482214927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.4734998345375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4453125596046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4278465211391449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3964747488498688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3703559339046478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.26987600326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14800545573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.1087384819984436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.7150415182113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7032480239868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6238059997558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6223017573356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.595589280128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5594289302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.5546320676803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5505606532096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.5305870771408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5036482214927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4734998345375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4453125596046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4278465211391449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3964747488498688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3703559339046478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26987600326538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14800545573234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.1087384819984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007743","descriptor_name":"Labor, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007743","descriptor_name":"Labor, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007743","descriptor_name":"Labor, Obstetric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010092","descriptor_name":"Oximetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187924","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7924/pdf?version=1695024539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37765980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10536445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10536445","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10536445/pdf/sensors-23-07924.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa46d68606c347ada3b0c5101d2c7458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa46d68606c347ada3b0c5101d2c7458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 18, p 7924 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187924","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7924/pdf?version=1695024539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386838065.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961147827","https://openalex.org/W1988254324","https://openalex.org/W2019241323","https://openalex.org/W2085426858","https://openalex.org/W2099633166","https://openalex.org/W2128284264","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2606242141","https://openalex.org/W2755743117","https://openalex.org/W2773824618","https://openalex.org/W2797694788","https://openalex.org/W2805075551","https://openalex.org/W2890659884","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W2896708111","https://openalex.org/W2897548583","https://openalex.org/W2899179908","https://openalex.org/W2904418346","https://openalex.org/W2959442417","https://openalex.org/W2971534159","https://openalex.org/W2979874982","https://openalex.org/W2982438846","https://openalex.org/W3042807565","https://openalex.org/W3043072601","https://openalex.org/W3102094970","https://openalex.org/W3120723148","https://openalex.org/W3134504082","https://openalex.org/W3137633995","https://openalex.org/W3181470005","https://openalex.org/W3194604214","https://openalex.org/W3202816348","https://openalex.org/W3203701986","https://openalex.org/W4200503435","https://openalex.org/W4221007892","https://openalex.org/W4224261353","https://openalex.org/W4280651928","https://openalex.org/W4281633835","https://openalex.org/W4304112914","https://openalex.org/W4383723784","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385573607","https://openalex.org/W4404783857","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6641082943","https://openalex.org/W6678822606","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W3004206652","https://openalex.org/W2016370421","https://openalex.org/W4200607786","https://openalex.org/W2186303850","https://openalex.org/W4381597394","https://openalex.org/W4310009901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scoring":[0],"polysomnography":[1],"for":[2,46,77],"obstructive":[3,48,78],"sleep":[4,49,79],"apnea":[5,50,80],"diagnosis":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,43,52,131,183],"laborious,":[9],"long,":[10],"and":[11,26,34,81,85,124,173,191],"costly":[12],"process.":[13],"Machine":[14],"learning":[15],"approaches,":[16,94],"such":[17],"as":[18,117],"deep":[19],"neural":[20,54],"networks,":[21],"can":[22],"reduce":[23,82],"scoring":[24],"time":[25,84],"costs.":[27],"However,":[28],"most":[29],"methods":[30],"require":[31],"prior":[32],"filtering":[33],"preprocessing":[35],"of":[36,75,121,186,189,193],"the":[37,68,72,83,106,118,122,125,169],"raw":[38],"signal.":[39],"Our":[40],"work":[41],"presents":[42],"novel":[44],"method":[45],"diagnosing":[47],"using":[51,130],"transformer":[53],"network":[55],"with":[56,88,139,149,182],"learnable":[57,132],"positional":[58,114,133],"encoding,":[59],"which":[60],"outperforms":[61,178],"existing":[62,93],"state-of-the-art":[63,180],"solutions.":[64],"This":[65],"approach":[66,96,177],"has":[67],"potential":[69],"to":[70,92,104,155],"improve":[71],"diagnostic":[73],"performance":[74],"oximetry":[76],"costs":[86],"associated":[87],"traditional":[89],"polysomnography.":[90],"Contrary":[91],"our":[95,176],"performs":[97],"annotations":[98],"at":[99],"one-second":[100],"granularity.":[101],"Allowing":[102],"physicians":[103],"interpret":[105],"model's":[107],"outcome.":[108],"In":[109,142],"addition,":[110,143],"we":[111,144],"tested":[112],"different":[113,146],"encoding":[115,134],"designs":[116],"first":[119],"layer":[120],"model,":[123],"best":[126],"results":[127],"were":[128,160],"achieved":[129],"based":[135],"on":[136,163],"an":[137,164],"autoencoder":[138],"structural":[140],"novelty.":[141],"tried":[145],"temporal":[147],"resolutions":[148],"various":[150],"granularity":[151],"levels":[152],"from":[153,168],"1":[154],"360":[156],"s.":[157],"All":[158],"experiments":[159],"carried":[161],"out":[162],"independent":[165],"test":[166],"set":[167],"public":[170],"OSASUD":[171],"dataset":[172],"showed":[174],"that":[175],"current":[179],"solutions":[181],"satisfactory":[184],"AUC":[185],"0.89,":[187],"accuracy":[188],"0.80,":[190],"F1-score":[192],"0.79.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
