{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386601242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187793","title":"Spectral Efficiency Improvement Using Bi-Deep Learning Model for IRS-Assisted MU-MISO Communication System","display_name":"Spectral Efficiency Improvement Using Bi-Deep Learning Model for IRS-Assisted MU-MISO Communication System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386601242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187793","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7793/pdf?version=1694414386","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7793/pdf?version=1694414386","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059961578","display_name":"Md Abdul Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-7482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Abdul Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-7482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052930064","display_name":"Md Habibur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-3825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Habibur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-3825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067196592","display_name":"Mohammad Abrar Shakil Sejan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-2613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Abrar Shakil Sejan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-2613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073435903","display_name":"Jung-In Baik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2005-6498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-In Baik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862409","display_name":"Dong-Sun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-0301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Sun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032291620","display_name":"Hyoung\u2010Kyu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyoung-Kyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-4982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032291620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68963451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"18","first_page":"7793","last_page":"7793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9422000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6407684683799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6395751237869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6345716118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5728200674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5498195290565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5447093844413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.5411947965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4594399034976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45153340697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.44295674562454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4402976930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41105571389198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.38631391525268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3678508996963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23923686146736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18124595284461975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6407684683799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6395751237869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6345716118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5728200674057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5498195290565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5447093844413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.5411947965621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4594399034976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45153340697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.44295674562454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4402976930141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41105571389198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.38631391525268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3678508996963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23923686146736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18124595284461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7793/pdf?version=1694414386","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37765850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10536623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10536623","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10536623/pdf/sensors-23-07793.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a70f0b8fea2244cc94b58eabf73c9532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a70f0b8fea2244cc94b58eabf73c9532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 18, p 7793 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187793","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7793/pdf?version=1694414386","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G248246713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2023-00254529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3456441738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00154678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3903450253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2023-00254529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5396177265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03038540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554036074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03038540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7453090096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00154678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8411011629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2023-00254529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386601242.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510355813","https://openalex.org/W2587991392","https://openalex.org/W2886697509","https://openalex.org/W2938008965","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2979650406","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3007075806","https://openalex.org/W3021024154","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3027841272","https://openalex.org/W3030916542","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3040918692","https://openalex.org/W3045648521","https://openalex.org/W3046385973","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W3103135626","https://openalex.org/W3103493968","https://openalex.org/W3132024219","https://openalex.org/W3140275159","https://openalex.org/W3168987482","https://openalex.org/W3172818029","https://openalex.org/W3176423013","https://openalex.org/W3198279229","https://openalex.org/W3204917505","https://openalex.org/W4205727408","https://openalex.org/W4206158340","https://openalex.org/W4214923099","https://openalex.org/W4220777603","https://openalex.org/W4225765847","https://openalex.org/W4226225813","https://openalex.org/W4285217437","https://openalex.org/W4286208747","https://openalex.org/W4286304430","https://openalex.org/W4293094852","https://openalex.org/W4319994029","https://openalex.org/W4377079797","https://openalex.org/W4384929784","https://openalex.org/W4385541673","https://openalex.org/W6781303778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2137628250","https://openalex.org/W2602252168","https://openalex.org/W2088618661","https://openalex.org/W2130715019","https://openalex.org/W2108756703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,71,202],"intelligent":[1],"reflecting":[2],"surface":[3,9],"(IRS)":[4],"is":[5,15,63,87,97,163,171,189],"a":[6,11,118,209],"two-dimensional":[7],"(2D)":[8],"with":[10,191,208],"programmable":[12],"structure":[13],"and":[14,33,53,115,131,195],"composed":[16],"of":[17,36,141,145,178],"many":[18],"arrays.":[19],"arrays":[21],"are":[22],"used":[23,172],"to":[24,46,65,82,110,135,173,214],"supervise":[25],"electromagnetic":[26],"wave":[27],"propagation":[28],"by":[29],"altering":[30],"the":[31,37,67,99,142,146,175,183,186,198,218],"electric":[32],"magnetic":[34],"properties":[35],"2D":[38],"surface.":[39],"IRS":[40,68,180],"can":[41,105,125],"influentially":[42],"convert":[43],"wireless":[44,57],"channels":[45],"very":[47],"effectively":[48],"enhance":[49],"spectral":[50],"efficiency":[51],"(SE)":[52],"communication":[54],"performance":[55,200,207],"in":[56,79,121,149,217],"systems.":[58],"However,":[59],"proper":[60],"channel":[61],"information":[62],"necessary":[64],"realize":[66],"anticipated":[69],"gains.":[70],"conventional":[72],"technique":[73],"has":[74],"been":[75],"taken":[76],"into":[77],"consideration":[78],"recent":[80],"attempts":[81],"fix":[83],"this":[84,107,150],"issue,":[85],"which":[86,96],"straightforward":[88],"but":[89],"not":[90],"ideal.":[91],"A":[92,168],"deep":[93],"learning":[94,113],"model":[95,104,203],"called":[98],"long":[100],"short-term":[101],"memory":[102],"(Bi-LSTM)":[103],"tackle":[106],"issue":[108],"due":[109],"its":[111],"good":[112],"capability":[114],"it":[116],"plays":[117],"vital":[119],"role":[120],"enhancing":[122],"SE.":[123],"Bi-LSTM":[124,147,154],"collect":[126],"data":[127],"from":[128],"both":[129],"forward":[130],"backward":[132],"directions":[133],"simultaneously":[134],"provide":[136],"improved":[137],"prediction":[138],"accuracy.":[139],"Because":[140],"tremendous":[143],"benefits":[144],"model,":[148],"paper,":[151],"an":[152],"IRS-assisted":[153],"model-based":[155],"multi-user":[156],"multiple":[157],"input":[158],"single":[159],"output":[160],"downlink":[161],"system":[162,188],"proposed":[164,187],"for":[165,197],"SE":[166,199,206],"improvement.":[167],"Wiener":[169],"filter":[170],"determine":[174],"optimal":[176],"phase":[177],"each":[179],"element.":[181],"In":[182],"simulation":[184],"results,":[185],"compared":[190,213],"other":[192,215],"DL":[193],"models":[194],"methods":[196],"evaluation.":[201],"exhibits":[204],"satisfactory":[205],"different":[210],"signal-to-noise":[211],"ratio":[212],"schemes":[216],"online":[219],"phase.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
