{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386496556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","title":"Detection and Recognition of Tilted Characters on Railroad Wagon Wheelsets Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"Detection and Recognition of Tilted Characters on Railroad Wagon Wheelsets Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386496556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7716/pdf?version=1694058620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7716/pdf?version=1694058620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112878674","display_name":"Fengxia Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-499X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengxia Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-499X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080550560","display_name":"Zhenyang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-4031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023381837","display_name":"Zhongda Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongda Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079769409","display_name":"Chuanshui Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanshui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiqihar Sida Railway Equipment Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiqihar Sida Railway Equipment Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161006, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090471975","display_name":"Shiwei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-3966"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qiqihar Sida Railway Equipment Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qiqihar Sida Railway Equipment Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161006, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023381837"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3043,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61052922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"18","first_page":"7716","last_page":"7716"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5367672443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4619806706905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.43696317076683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4364060163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39810705184936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37430500984191895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5367672443389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4619806706905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43696317076683044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4364060163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39810705184936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37430500984191895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7716/pdf?version=1694058620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37765773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10535910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10535910","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10535910/pdf/sensors-23-07716.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbe9f2aa0f5b4e4e930214332fcdbf7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbe9f2aa0f5b4e4e930214332fcdbf7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 18, p 7716 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/18/7716/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187716","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7716/pdf?version=1694058620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386496556.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2329641898","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2912476735","https://openalex.org/W2920124529","https://openalex.org/W2999137307","https://openalex.org/W3034811322","https://openalex.org/W3042633774","https://openalex.org/W3042957710","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3127115287","https://openalex.org/W3183430731","https://openalex.org/W3185687119","https://openalex.org/W3197445285","https://openalex.org/W3206613345","https://openalex.org/W3207463114","https://openalex.org/W4200551167","https://openalex.org/W4213222268","https://openalex.org/W4220701555","https://openalex.org/W4283328745","https://openalex.org/W4293106277","https://openalex.org/W4293698135","https://openalex.org/W4308336036","https://openalex.org/W4309323946","https://openalex.org/W4312058704","https://openalex.org/W4318815104","https://openalex.org/W4321459692","https://openalex.org/W4362466625","https://openalex.org/W4378619415","https://openalex.org/W4379881855","https://openalex.org/W4384662798","https://openalex.org/W6702050359","https://openalex.org/W6790314232","https://openalex.org/W6805446431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"quality":[1],"of":[2,13,20,44,116,137,157],"railroad":[3,30,76],"wheelsets":[4,21,161],"is":[5,124],"an":[6],"important":[7],"guarantee":[8],"for":[9,67,95],"the":[10,17,41,114,135,146,155],"safe":[11],"operation":[12],"wagons,":[14],"and":[15,29,56,70,112,150,153],"mastering":[16],"production":[18,42],"information":[19,43,74,156],"plays":[22],"a":[23,63,86,97,105,120,139],"vital":[24],"role":[25],"in":[26,162],"vehicle":[27],"scheduling":[28],"transportation":[31],"safety.":[32],"However,":[33],"when":[34],"using":[35],"objection":[36],"detection":[37,51,89],"methods":[38],"to":[39,110,133],"detect":[40,152],"wheelsets,":[45],"there":[46],"are":[47],"situations":[48],"that":[49,145],"affect":[50],"such":[52],"as":[53],"character":[54,73,88,99,107,121],"tilting":[55],"unfixed":[57],"position.":[58],"Therefore,":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"deep":[64],"learning-based":[65],"method":[66,147],"accurately":[68],"detecting":[69],"recognizing":[71,138],"tilted":[72,87,106,158],"on":[75,92,127,160],"wagon":[77],"wheelsets.":[78],"It":[79],"covers":[80],"three":[81],"parts.":[82],"Firstly,":[83],"we":[84,103],"construct":[85],"network":[90,109,123,131],"based":[91,126],"Faster":[93],"RCNN":[94],"generating":[96],"wheelset's":[98,140],"candidate":[100],"regions.":[101],"Secondly,":[102],"design":[104],"correction":[108],"classify":[111],"correct":[113],"orientation":[115],"flipped":[117],"characters.":[118,141],"Finally,":[119],"recognition":[122],"constructed":[125],"convolutional":[128],"recurrent":[129],"neural":[130],"(CRNN)":[132],"realize":[134],"task":[136],"result":[143],"shows":[144],"can":[148],"quickly":[149],"effectively":[151],"identify":[154],"characters":[159],"images.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
