{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386483815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","title":"Preventing Forklift Front-End Failures: Predicting the Weight Centers of Heavy Objects, Remaining Useful Life Prediction under Abnormal Conditions, and Failure Diagnosis Based on Alarm Rules","display_name":"Preventing Forklift Front-End Failures: Predicting the Weight Centers of Heavy Objects, Remaining Useful Life Prediction under Abnormal Conditions, and Failure Diagnosis Based on Alarm Rules","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386483815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7706/pdf?version=1694065644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7706/pdf?version=1694065644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049826770","display_name":"Jeong-Geun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108025","display_name":"Doosan (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/011kvxd26","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Geun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049826770","display_name":"Jeong-Geun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108025","display_name":"Doosan (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/011kvxd26","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Geun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111035888","display_name":"Yun-Sang Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108025","display_name":"Doosan (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/011kvxd26","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Sang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jang Hyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108025","display_name":"Doosan (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/011kvxd26","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jang Hyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-1732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jang Hyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-1732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108025","display_name":"Doosan (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/011kvxd26","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jang Hyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-1732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Digital Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doosan Industrial Vehicle, Incheon 22503, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049826770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574","https://openalex.org/I4210108025"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6825,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69910093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"18","first_page":"7706","last_page":"7706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13050","display_name":"Oil and Gas Production Techniques","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.8523509502410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front","display_name":"Front (military)","score":0.5850569009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5727038383483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4643433690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.3607584238052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35779738426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3361818790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33527690172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11030948162078857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.8523509502410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842332","display_name":"Front (military)","level":2,"score":0.5850569009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5727038383483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4643433690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3607584238052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35779738426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3361818790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33527690172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11030948162078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7706/pdf?version=1694065644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37765763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37765763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10536527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10536527","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10536527/pdf/sensors-23-07706.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:148aca22f35a40bcb0e60247d1b878be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/148aca22f35a40bcb0e60247d1b878be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 18, p 7706 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/18/7706/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23187706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7706/pdf?version=1694065644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386483815.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92454686","https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W1540327028","https://openalex.org/W1553437616","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1971626953","https://openalex.org/W2009225465","https://openalex.org/W2015452969","https://openalex.org/W2019925718","https://openalex.org/W2033800551","https://openalex.org/W2043779128","https://openalex.org/W2068258779","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2085866051","https://openalex.org/W2103333826","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2124000105","https://openalex.org/W2133832971","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2167054769","https://openalex.org/W2169384417","https://openalex.org/W2407080277","https://openalex.org/W2489692225","https://openalex.org/W2503613079","https://openalex.org/W2523635132","https://openalex.org/W2575828067","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2734777338","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2769267378","https://openalex.org/W2773549135","https://openalex.org/W2789263499","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2953775935","https://openalex.org/W2975620261","https://openalex.org/W2987147016","https://openalex.org/W2997783880","https://openalex.org/W2998788451","https://openalex.org/W3006867203","https://openalex.org/W3022112205","https://openalex.org/W3023943971","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4302489269","https://openalex.org/W4312503109","https://openalex.org/W4313639565","https://openalex.org/W4317625837","https://openalex.org/W4319998033","https://openalex.org/W6675969814","https://openalex.org/W6676179485","https://openalex.org/W6727311480","https://openalex.org/W6848334883","https://openalex.org/W6849503668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584123598","https://openalex.org/W2731305060","https://openalex.org/W2732807254","https://openalex.org/W2372003537","https://openalex.org/W2587670262","https://openalex.org/W3091941553","https://openalex.org/W3037375888","https://openalex.org/W2366730739","https://openalex.org/W3037303542","https://openalex.org/W4378419970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,14,21,54,92,107,129,133,141,176,183,188,194,220,224,260,266,272,277,289,293,304,319,323],"critical":[4],"challenge":[5],"of":[6,16,20,110,132,147,154,178,193,223,265],"preventing":[7],"front-end":[8,56],"failures":[9],"in":[10,37],"forklifts":[11],"by":[12,114,122,182,203,313],"addressing":[13],"center":[15],"gravity,":[17],"accurate":[18],"prediction":[19,283],"remaining":[22],"useful":[23],"life":[24],"(RUL),":[25],"and":[26,59,85,97,167,199,212,233,238,251,258,280],"efficient":[27],"fault":[28],"diagnosis":[29,119,307],"through":[30,71,161],"alarm":[31,309],"rules.":[32],"The":[33,137,156,226,263],"study's":[34],"significance":[35],"lies":[36],"offering":[38],"a":[39,115,205,255,315],"comprehensive":[40],"approach":[41],"to":[42,77,102,128,163,171,187,218,253,287,298],"enhancing":[43],"forklift":[44,165,173,184],"operational":[45],"reliability.":[46],"To":[47],"achieve":[48],"this":[49],"goal,":[50],"acceleration":[51,157,195],"signals":[52,196],"from":[53,66,318],"forklift's":[55],"were":[57,64,88,100,159,185,197,216,231,249],"collected":[58,160],"processed.":[60],"Time-domain":[61,190],"statistical":[62,191],"features":[63,192,301,321],"extracted":[65,198],"one-second":[67],"windows,":[68],"subsequently":[69],"refined":[70],"an":[72,145,152,281],"exponentially":[73,124],"weighted":[74,125],"moving":[75,126],"average":[76],"mitigate":[78],"noise.":[79],"Data":[80],"augmentation":[81],"techniques,":[82],"including":[83],"AWGN":[84],"LSTM":[86],"autoencoders,":[87],"employed.":[89],"Based":[90],"on":[91,276],"augmented":[93],"data,":[94],"random":[95,142,213,239,243],"forest":[96,143,214,244],"lightGBM":[98,150],"models":[99,105,215],"used":[101,200],"develop":[103],"classification":[104,130],"for":[106,235,246,302],"weight":[108],"centers":[109,177],"heavy":[111,179],"objects":[112,180],"carried":[113,181],"forklift.":[116],"Additionally,":[117],"contextual":[118],"was":[120,269,285,296,311],"performed":[121],"applying":[123,204],"averages":[127],"probabilities":[131,245],"machine":[134],"learning":[135],"models.":[136],"results":[138],"indicated":[139],"that":[140],"achieved":[144,151],"accuracy":[146,153],"0.9563,":[148],"while":[149],"0.9566.":[155],"data":[158],"experiments":[162],"predict":[164,288],"failure":[166,221,261,290],"RUL,":[168],"particularly":[169],"due":[170],"repeated":[172],"use":[174],"when":[175],"skewed":[186],"right.":[189],"as":[201],"variables":[202],"20":[206],"s":[207],"window.":[208],"Subsequently,":[209],"logistic":[210,236],"regression":[211,237],"employed":[217],"classify":[219],"stages":[222],"forklifts.":[225],"F1":[227],"scores":[228],"(macro)":[229],"obtained":[230],"0.9790":[232],"0.9220":[234],"forest,":[240],"respectively.":[241],"Moreover,":[242],"each":[247],"stage":[248],"combined":[250],"averaged":[252],"generate":[254],"degradation":[256,278],"curve":[257],"determine":[259],"threshold.":[262],"coefficient":[264],"exponential":[267],"function":[268],"calculated":[270],"using":[271,308],"least":[273],"squares":[274],"method":[275],"curve,":[279],"RUL":[282],"model":[284],"developed":[286],"point.":[291],"Furthermore,":[292],"SHAP":[294],"algorithm":[295],"utilized":[297],"identify":[299],"significant":[300,320],"classifying":[303],"stages.":[305],"Fault":[306],"rules":[310],"conducted":[312],"establishing":[314],"threshold":[316],"derived":[317],"within":[322],"normal":[324],"stage.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}