{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386422724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650","title":"Drone Detection and Tracking Using RF Identification Signals","display_name":"Drone Detection and Tracking Using RF Identification Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386422724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7650/pdf?version=1693820871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7650/pdf?version=1693820871","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034268804","display_name":"Driss Aouladhadj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Driss Aouladhadj","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-730X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007879342","display_name":"Ettien Kpr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-8048"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ettien Kpre","raw_affiliation_strings":["MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-8048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062702459","display_name":"Virginie Deniau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginie Deniau","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-911X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092738625","display_name":"Aymane Kharchouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9541-8576"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aymane Kharchouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9541-8576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091877646","display_name":"Christophe Gransart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-8654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Gransart","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-8654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSYS-LEOST, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, 20 Rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, 59650 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008879645","display_name":"Christophe Gaqui\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3082-2489"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Gaqui\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3082-2489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MC2 Technologies, 1 Rue H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, 59493 Villeneuve-d\u2019Ascq, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034268804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":48.8885,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9987651,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7650","last_page":"7650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9704681038856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.7250722050666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6324819326400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5994702577590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5636237859725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5279532670974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4834502637386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.47822946310043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3211258053779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26790767908096313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9704681038856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.7250722050666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6324819326400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5994702577590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5636237859725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5279532670974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4834502637386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.47822946310043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3211258053779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26790767908096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7650/pdf?version=1693820871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37688105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04205964v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-04205964","pdf_url":"https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-04205964/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2023, 23 (17), pp.7650. &#x27E8;10.3390/s23177650&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490811","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490811/pdf/sensors-23-07650.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:accd6d6a8dd246f5941ce32718fbab56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/accd6d6a8dd246f5941ce32718fbab56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7650 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7650/pdf?version=1693820871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7580246622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020/0355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321663","funder_display_name":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321663","display_name":"Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00ht2ab73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332088","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386422724.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386422724.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796789676","https://openalex.org/W2797821788","https://openalex.org/W2944086006","https://openalex.org/W2956133227","https://openalex.org/W2970731346","https://openalex.org/W2986330405","https://openalex.org/W2994954803","https://openalex.org/W3024030061","https://openalex.org/W3036046236","https://openalex.org/W3039052129","https://openalex.org/W3044875250","https://openalex.org/W3116690515","https://openalex.org/W3130981243","https://openalex.org/W3136561353","https://openalex.org/W3184078521","https://openalex.org/W3186636284","https://openalex.org/W3187112372","https://openalex.org/W3187939243","https://openalex.org/W3195553177","https://openalex.org/W3202968404","https://openalex.org/W3206165170","https://openalex.org/W4200244287","https://openalex.org/W4213083750","https://openalex.org/W4214734027","https://openalex.org/W4226426414","https://openalex.org/W4241914811","https://openalex.org/W4289821918","https://openalex.org/W4292387473","https://openalex.org/W4307552005","https://openalex.org/W4309691500","https://openalex.org/W4312059606","https://openalex.org/W4318713714","https://openalex.org/W4319296637","https://openalex.org/W4319341656","https://openalex.org/W4319796192","https://openalex.org/W4319878477","https://openalex.org/W4323896570","https://openalex.org/W4364320560","https://openalex.org/W4366829203","https://openalex.org/W4379471682","https://openalex.org/W6840900243","https://openalex.org/W6851536724","https://openalex.org/W7018502316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4212885606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,93,126,199],"market":[1],"for":[2,55,108,114,121,164,171,178,191,196],"unmanned":[3],"aerial":[4],"systems":[5],"(UASs)":[6],"has":[7],"grown":[8],"considerably":[9],"worldwide,":[10],"but":[11],"their":[12],"ability":[13],"to":[14,21,42,141,203,241],"transmit":[15],"sensitive":[16],"information":[17],"poses":[18],"a":[19,53,86,96,130,186,205,209],"threat":[20],"public":[22,243],"safety.":[23],"To":[24],"counter":[25],"these":[26],"threats,":[27,239],"authorities,":[28],"and":[29,118,135,157,175,194,222,245],"anti-drone":[30],"organizations":[31],"are":[32,213],"ensuring":[33],"that":[34],"UASs":[35],"comply":[36],"with":[37,47,85,152],"regulations,":[38],"focusing":[39],"on":[40],"strategies":[41],"mitigate":[43],"the":[44,69,76,109,115,122,142,147,165,172,179],"risks":[45],"associated":[46],"malicious":[48],"drones.":[49],"This":[50,228],"study":[51],"presents":[52],"technique":[54],"detecting":[56],"drone":[57,91,159],"models":[58],"using":[59],"identification":[60],"(ID)":[61],"tags":[62],"in":[63,137,233],"radio":[64],"frequency":[65],"(RF)":[66],"signals,":[67],"enabling":[68],"extraction":[70],"of":[71,78,95,105,144,161,189],"real-time":[72],"telemetry":[73,145],"data":[74],"through":[75],"decoding":[77,143],"Drone":[79],"ID":[80],"packets.":[81],"system,":[83],"implemented":[84],"development":[87],"board,":[88],"facilitates":[89],"efficient":[90],"tracking.":[92],"results":[94],"measurement":[97],"campaign":[98],"performance":[99],"evaluation":[100],"include":[101],"maximum":[102],"detection":[103],"distances":[104,154],"1.3":[106],"km":[107,113,120],"Mavic":[110,116,123,166,173,180],"Air,":[111,174],"1.5":[112],"3,":[117],"3.7":[119],"2":[124,167,226],"Pro.":[125],"system":[127,148,229],"accurately":[128],"estimates":[129],"drone's":[131],"2D":[132],"position,":[133],"altitude,":[134],"speed":[136,197],"real":[138],"time.":[139],"Thanks":[140],"packets,":[146],"demonstrates":[149],"promising":[150],"accuracy,":[151],"worst-case":[153],"between":[155],"estimated":[156],"actual":[158],"positions":[160],"35":[162],"m":[163,170,177,211],"Pro,":[168],"17":[169],"15":[176],"3.":[181],"In":[182],"addition,":[183],"there":[184],"is":[185,230],"relative":[187],"error":[188],"14%":[190],"altitude":[192],"measurements":[193],"7%":[195],"measurements.":[198],"reaction":[200],"times":[201],"calculated":[202],"secure":[204],"vulnerable":[206],"site":[207],"within":[208],"200":[210],"radius":[212],"1.83":[214],"min":[215,219,224],"(Mavic":[216,220,225],"Air),":[217],"1.03":[218],"3),":[221],"2.92":[223],"Pro).":[227],"proving":[231],"effective":[232],"addressing":[234],"emerging":[235],"concerns":[236],"about":[237],"drone-related":[238],"helping":[240],"improve":[242],"safety":[244],"security.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
