{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386419603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","title":"Multilayer Semantic Features Adaptive Distillation for Object Detectors","display_name":"Multilayer Semantic Features Adaptive Distillation for Object Detectors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386419603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7613/pdf?version=1693642165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7613/pdf?version=1693642165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025541045","display_name":"Z. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenchang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-9414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101427226","display_name":"Jinqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9472-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610921","display_name":"Yuping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0101-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375200","display_name":"Mei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-9346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104164645","display_name":"Fuzhong Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333538","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture and Forestry, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025541045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4553,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64200894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7613","last_page":"7613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.8460071086883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7623504400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6916592717170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5454018115997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5187137722969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5107464790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4603787064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4472273588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42706698179244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37441158294677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12741774320602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.11157774925231934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.8460071086883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7623504400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6916592717170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5454018115997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5187137722969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5107464790344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4603787064552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4472273588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42706698179244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37441158294677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12741774320602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.11157774925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7613/pdf?version=1693642165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37688070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490649","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490649/pdf/sensors-23-07613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bcd6ee47911840ce83dcc4f5502ed362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bcd6ee47911840ce83dcc4f5502ed362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7613 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7613/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7613/pdf?version=1693642165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386419603.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2739879705","https://openalex.org/W2750432752","https://openalex.org/W2750784772","https://openalex.org/W2900866423","https://openalex.org/W2925359305","https://openalex.org/W2939411050","https://openalex.org/W2959289524","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964166085","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3173270634","https://openalex.org/W4225385394","https://openalex.org/W4293396313","https://openalex.org/W4313141028","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6761108903","https://openalex.org/W6761337537","https://openalex.org/W6766200649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W2795393339","https://openalex.org/W2074467390","https://openalex.org/W4254303342","https://openalex.org/W4390618967","https://openalex.org/W2626393719","https://openalex.org/W4292830139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"distillation":[1,24,51,117],"(KD)":[2],"is":[3,54,102],"a":[4,46,58,63,66,103],"well-established":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,30,37,74,110],"compressing":[8],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"and":[11,41,65,96,99,149],"has":[12],"gained":[13],"increasing":[14],"attention":[15],"in":[16],"object":[17,22],"detection":[18,23,162],"tasks.":[19],"However,":[20],"typical":[21],"methods":[25],"use":[26],"fixed-level":[27],"semantic":[28,48],"features":[29,87,107,130],"distillation,":[31],"which":[32,106],"might":[33],"not":[34],"be":[35],"best":[36],"all":[38],"training":[39,118],"stages":[40],"samples.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"multilayer":[47],"feature":[49],"adaptive":[50],"(MSFAD)":[52],"method":[53,114,141],"proposed":[55,140],"that":[56,138,166],"uses":[57],"routing":[59],"network":[60,73,83],"composed":[61],"of":[62,85,93,145,167],"teacher":[64,95,133],"student":[67,97,123],"detector,":[68],"along":[69],"with":[70,156],"an":[71],"agent":[72],"decision":[75,104],"making.":[76],"Specifically,":[77],"the":[78,81,86,90,94,100,116,122,132,139,143,150],"inputs":[79],"to":[80,108,125,165],"proxy":[82],"consist":[84],"output":[88,101],"by":[89,120,147,152],"neck":[91],"structures":[92],"detectors,":[98],"on":[105],"choose":[109],"distillation.":[111],"The":[112],"MSFAD":[113],"improves":[115],"process":[119],"enabling":[121],"detector":[124],"automatically":[126],"select":[127],"valuable":[128],"semantic-level":[129],"from":[131],"detector.":[134],"Experimental":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrated":[137],"increased":[142],"mAP50":[144],"YOLOv5s":[146],"3.4%":[148],"mAP50\u201390":[151],"3.3%.":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"YOLOv5n":[155],"only":[157],"1.9":[158],"M":[159],"parameters":[160],"achieved":[161],"performance":[163],"comparable":[164],"YOLOv5s.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}