{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386332735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","title":"Efficient Sigma\u2013Delta Sensor Array Beamforming","display_name":"Efficient Sigma\u2013Delta Sensor Array Beamforming","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386332735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7577/pdf?version=1693488932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7577/pdf?version=1693488932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075797768","display_name":"Sammy Johnatan Carbajal Ipenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109147379","display_name":"NXP (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/059be4e97","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109147379"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammy Johnatan Carbajal Ipenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["NXP Semiconductors N.V., 5656 Eindhoven, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-9044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NXP Semiconductors N.V., 5656 Eindhoven, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109147379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030262162","display_name":"Bruno Masiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-4450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Sanches Masiero","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-4450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030262162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2045,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46666477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7577","last_page":"7577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7499553561210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.570321261882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.5442900061607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta","display_name":"Delta","score":0.49554145336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.4523797631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4035324454307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3391217291355133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32920682430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2724088728427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24859493970870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.20612052083015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.09464779496192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.07593661546707153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7499553561210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.570321261882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.5442900061607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.49554145336151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.4523797631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4035324454307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3391217291355133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32920682430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2724088728427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24859493970870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.20612052083015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.09464779496192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.07593661546707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7577/pdf?version=1693488932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37688030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490779","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490779/pdf/sensors-23-07577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e757c018e44493ca70cdee20ecba713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e757c018e44493ca70cdee20ecba713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7577 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7577/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7577/pdf?version=1693488932","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7141543451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017/08120-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386332735.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004611046","https://openalex.org/W2016988675","https://openalex.org/W2023586451","https://openalex.org/W2116781655","https://openalex.org/W2119662598","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W3125926853","https://openalex.org/W4211205501","https://openalex.org/W4388853422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526355781","https://openalex.org/W2010530423","https://openalex.org/W2376050517","https://openalex.org/W1601839798","https://openalex.org/W2012465829","https://openalex.org/W1819446","https://openalex.org/W2725982103","https://openalex.org/W2091320486","https://openalex.org/W594616480","https://openalex.org/W2018304657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"sensors":[1,60],"with":[2],"built-in":[3,63],"sigma-delta":[4],"modulators":[5],"(\u03a3\u0394Ms)":[6],"are":[7,104,118,131],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,97,107],"consumer,":[11],"industrial,":[12],"automotive,":[13],"and":[14,23,116,146,178,196],"medical":[15],"applications,":[16],"as":[17,53,95,123],"they":[18],"have":[19],"become":[20],"a":[21,47,57,75,124,136,171],"cost-effective":[22],"convenient":[24],"way":[25],"to":[26,29,46,69,74,155],"deliver":[27],"data":[28],"digital":[30,40],"processors.":[31],"This":[32,133],"is":[33],"the":[34,54,71,88,101,114,188,202],"case":[35],"for":[36,139],"micro-electro-mechanical":[37],"system":[38],"(MEMS),":[39],"microphones":[41],"that":[42,143],"convert":[43],"analog":[44],"audio":[45],"pulse-density":[48],"modulated":[49,79],"(PDM)":[50],"bitstream.":[51],"However,":[52],"\u03a3\u0394Ms":[55],"output":[56],"PDM":[58,72],"signal,":[59],"require":[61],"either":[62],"or":[64,106],"external":[65],"high-order":[66],"decimation":[67,129,147],"filters":[68,130,154],"demodulate":[70],"signal":[73],"baseband":[76],"multi-bit":[77],"pulse-code":[78],"(PCM)":[80],"signal.":[81],"Because":[82],"of":[83,90,127,163,170],"this":[84,182],"extra":[85],"circuit":[86],"requirement,":[87],"implementation":[89,142,168],"sensor":[91],"array":[92,157],"algorithms,":[93],"such":[94],"beamforming":[96,140],"embedded":[98],"systems":[99],"(where":[100,113],"processing":[102,158],"resources":[103,195,200],"critical)":[105],"very":[108],"large-scale":[109],"integration":[110],"(VLSI)":[111],"circuits":[112],"power":[115],"area":[117],"crucial)":[119],"becomes":[120],"especially":[121],"expensive":[122],"large":[125],"number":[126],"parallel":[128],"required.":[132],"article":[134],"proposes":[135],"novel":[137,183],"architecture":[138,190],"algorithm":[141],"fuses":[144],"delay":[145],"operations":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150],"maximally":[151],"flat":[152],"(MAXFLAT)":[153],"make":[156],"more":[159],"affordable.":[160],"As":[161],"proof":[162],"concept,":[164],"we":[165],"present":[166],"an":[167],"example":[169],"delay-and-sum":[172],"(DAS)":[173],"beamformer":[174],"at":[175],"given":[176],"spatial":[177],"frequency":[179],"requirements":[180],"using":[181],"approach.":[184],"Under":[185],"these":[186],"specifications,":[187],"proposed":[189],"requires":[191],"52%":[192],"lower":[193,198],"storage":[194],"19%":[197],"computational":[199],"than":[201],"most":[203],"efficient":[204],"state-of-the-art":[205],"architecture.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2023-09-01T00:00:00"}
