{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386332819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","title":"K-XMSS and K-SPHINCS+: Enhancing Security in Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Internet Systems with Hash Based Signatures Using Korean Cryptography Algorithms","display_name":"K-XMSS and K-SPHINCS+: Enhancing Security in Next-Generation Mobile Communication and Internet Systems with Hash Based Signatures Using Korean Cryptography Algorithms","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386332819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7558/pdf?version=1693473343","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7558/pdf?version=1693473343","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023509450","display_name":"Minjoo Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5242-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjoo Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5242-214X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021508344","display_name":"Siwoo Eum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9583-5427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwoo Eum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014481271","display_name":"Gyeongju Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyeongju Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090519594","display_name":"Yujin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-2280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085733733","display_name":"Wonwoong Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonwoong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085541661","display_name":"Hwajeong Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hwajeong Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-9061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Security, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085541661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78676263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7558","last_page":"7558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7638115286827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.7405919432640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138348817825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateless-protocol","display_name":"Stateless protocol","score":0.663302481174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sha-2","display_name":"SHA-2","score":0.5980859398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-hash-function","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","score":0.5673814415931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-hash-algorithm","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","score":0.5459562540054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-chain","display_name":"Hash chain","score":0.4376934766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4217832386493683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.4188343286514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40861040353775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3250831365585327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7638115286827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.7405919432640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138348817825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103613024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230924","display_name":"Stateless protocol","level":3,"score":0.663302481174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190157925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605","display_name":"SHA-2","level":4,"score":0.5980859398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.5673814415931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9661340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257799","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.5459562540054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135783594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5678864","display_name":"Hash chain","level":3,"score":0.4376934766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4217832386493683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.4188343286514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40861040353775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3250831365585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7558/pdf?version=1693473343","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37688014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37688014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490732","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490732/pdf/sensors-23-07558.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3f980981684400f8cb5a7e36016bff7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3f980981684400f8cb5a7e36016bff7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7558 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7558/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177558","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7558/pdf?version=1693473343","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G115788813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-00264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3891785125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5149556401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1F1A1048478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7218501369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386332819.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386332819.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115629558","https://openalex.org/W605282644","https://openalex.org/W1547537489","https://openalex.org/W1882598960","https://openalex.org/W1904723009","https://openalex.org/W2010507480","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2131489800","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2139566678","https://openalex.org/W2791664942","https://openalex.org/W2792256231","https://openalex.org/W2806487405","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W3004054987","https://openalex.org/W3006144266","https://openalex.org/W3023316635","https://openalex.org/W3040521429","https://openalex.org/W4205218412","https://openalex.org/W4297991408","https://openalex.org/W4306406279","https://openalex.org/W4322576964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020097167","https://openalex.org/W2509647301","https://openalex.org/W2154676777","https://openalex.org/W2103058157","https://openalex.org/W4252190074","https://openalex.org/W2188053640","https://openalex.org/W2145932317","https://openalex.org/W2952942094","https://openalex.org/W4210289650","https://openalex.org/W4389492750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Mobile":[1],"Communication":[2],"and":[3,22,30,90,96,104,116,125,149,156,166,176],"Internet":[4],"Systems":[5],"(MCIS)":[6],"have":[7,15,184],"rapidly":[8],"developed,":[9],"security":[10,25,52,67,81],"issues":[11],"related":[12],"to":[13,44],"MCIS":[14],"become":[16],"increasingly":[17],"important.":[18],"Therefore,":[19],"the":[20,56,60,69,72,80,144,169],"development":[21],"research":[23],"of":[24,59,74,123,147],"technologies":[26],"for":[27,79,193],"mobile":[28],"communication":[29],"internet":[31],"systems":[32],"are":[33,99],"actively":[34],"being":[35],"conducted.":[36],"Hash-Based":[37],"Signature":[38,102],"(HBS)":[39],"uses":[40],"a":[41,46,133],"hash":[42,61,75,121,158,171],"function":[43,62],"construct":[45],"digital":[47],"signature":[48],"scheme,":[49],"where":[50],"its":[51,139],"is":[53,132,138],"guaranteed":[54],"by":[55],"collision":[57],"resistance":[58],"used.":[63],"To":[64],"provide":[65],"sufficient":[66],"in":[68],"post-quantum":[70],"environment,":[71],"length":[73],"should":[76],"be":[77,86,191],"satisfied":[78],"requirement.":[82],"Modern":[83],"HBS":[84,98,113],"can":[85,190],"classified":[87],"into":[88],"stateful":[89,95,134],"stateless":[91,97,140],"schemes.":[92],"Two":[93],"representative":[94],"eXtended":[100],"Merkle":[101],"Scheme(XMSS)":[103],"SPHINCS+,":[105],"respectively.":[106],"In":[107,173],"this":[108],"paper,":[109],"we":[110],"propose":[111],"two":[112,157],"schemes:":[114],"K-XMSS":[115,131,148,175],"K-SPHINCS+,":[117],"which":[118],"replace":[119],"internal":[120,170],"functions":[122,159],"XMSS":[124],"SPHINCS+":[126],"with":[127],"Korean":[128],"cryptography":[129],"algorithms.":[130],"signature,":[135],"while":[136],"K-SPHINCS+":[137,150,177],"counterpart.":[141],"We":[142],"showcase":[143],"reference":[145],"implementation":[146,198],"employing":[151],"Lightweight":[152],"Secure":[153],"Hash":[154],"(LSH)":[155],"based":[160],"on":[161],"block":[162],"ciphers":[163],"(i.e.,":[164],"CHAM":[165],"LEA)":[167],"as":[168],"function.":[172],"addition,":[174],"using":[178,196],"Advanced":[179],"Vector":[180],"Extensions":[181],"2":[182],"(AVX2)":[183],"been":[185],"provided,":[186],"demonstrating":[187],"that":[188],"they":[189],"optimized":[192],"better":[194],"performance":[195],"advanced":[197],"techniques":[199],"than":[200],"previous":[201],"approaches.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2023-09-01T00:00:00"}