{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386255275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","title":"Deep Learning and Geometry Flow Vector Using Estimating Vehicle Cuboid Technology in a Monovision Environment","display_name":"Deep Learning and Geometry Flow Vector Using Estimating Vehicle Cuboid Technology in a Monovision Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386255275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37687960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7504/pdf?version=1693310659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7504/pdf?version=1693310659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041198613","display_name":"Byeongjoon Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-1573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24541011","display_name":"Soonchunhyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjsrb10","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byeongjoon Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Big Data, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-1573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Big Data, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24541011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009042146","display_name":"T.G. Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengfeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080290764","display_name":"Sung-Ju Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sungju Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-2959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101714531","display_name":"Taikyeong Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taikyeong Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080290764","https://openalex.org/A5101714531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383","https://openalex.org/I157264075"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39474112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7504","last_page":"7504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuboid","display_name":"Cuboid","score":0.9553985595703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6523445844650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6288435459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5881050229072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5777494311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.49027612805366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2738274931907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16677555441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11732181906700134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203527163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262959","display_name":"Cuboid","level":2,"score":0.9553985595703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6523445844650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6288435459136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5881050229072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5777494311332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.49027612805366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2738274931907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16677555441856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11732181906700134}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7504/pdf?version=1693310659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37687960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37687960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490812","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490812/pdf/sensors-23-07504.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22c7eaa382cb4a888fd96f1c85358cdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22c7eaa382cb4a888fd96f1c85358cdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7504 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7504/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177504","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7504/pdf?version=1693310659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6367500260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C2095181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386255275.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1963824880","https://openalex.org/W1974777989","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2111108425","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2560544142","https://openalex.org/W2605189827","https://openalex.org/W2749208254","https://openalex.org/W2761757319","https://openalex.org/W2779893254","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2925359305","https://openalex.org/W2932960505","https://openalex.org/W2942806183","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2962807143","https://openalex.org/W2963400571","https://openalex.org/W2969935817","https://openalex.org/W3011098590","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3022385855","https://openalex.org/W3041865473","https://openalex.org/W3046298913","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3110881261","https://openalex.org/W3112251255","https://openalex.org/W4213402071","https://openalex.org/W4220917818","https://openalex.org/W4225588978","https://openalex.org/W4311624935","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6643921888","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6774919560","https://openalex.org/W6779679448","https://openalex.org/W6809241318","https://openalex.org/W6938916348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4313255014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"study":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,12,16,42,79],"novel":[4],"model":[5,33,46],"for":[6],"accurately":[7,51],"estimating":[8,52],"the":[9,31,35,56,63,72],"cuboid":[10],"of":[11,37,58,66,74],"road":[13,20,100],"vehicle":[14],"using":[15,89],"monovision":[17,90],"sensor":[18],"and":[19,28,40,61,81,95],"geometry":[21],"information.":[22],"By":[23],"leveraging":[24],"object":[25],"detection":[26],"models":[27],"core":[29,59],"vectors,":[30],"proposed":[32],"overcomes":[34],"limitations":[36],"multi-sensor":[38],"setups":[39],"provides":[41],"cost-effective":[43],"solution.":[44],"The":[45],"demonstrates":[47],"promising":[48],"results":[49],"in":[50],"cuboids":[53],"by":[54,77,103],"utilizing":[55],"magnitudes":[57],"vectors":[60],"considering":[62],"average":[64],"ratio":[65],"distances.":[67],"research":[69],"contributes":[70],"to":[71,84],"field":[73],"intelligent":[75],"transportation":[76],"offering":[78],"practical":[80],"efficient":[82],"approach":[83],"3D":[85],"bounding":[86],"box":[87],"estimation":[88],"sensors.":[91],"We":[92],"validated":[93],"feasibility":[94],"applicability":[96],"are":[97],"through":[98],"real-world":[99],"images":[101],"captured":[102],"CCTV":[104],"cameras.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}