{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386161744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","title":"Lifting Wavelet-Assisted EM Joint Estimation and Detection in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing","display_name":"Lifting Wavelet-Assisted EM Joint Estimation and Detection in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386161744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37687881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7428/pdf?version=1692963882","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7428/pdf?version=1692963882","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049655067","display_name":"Hengyu Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengyu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440529","display_name":"Xu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-526X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089056","display_name":"Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/007y7ej30","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-526X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076498651","display_name":"Shiyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089934059","display_name":"Yucheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-7706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-7706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076498651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09908291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"17","first_page":"7428","last_page":"7428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7964529991149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6413416266441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5641099810600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5600761771202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5550782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5523993968963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5066531300544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5032283663749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.429935097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42739206552505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41362449526786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3340259790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2956428527832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.2237473726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19299879670143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18311426043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16449862718582153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7964529991149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6413416266441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5641099810600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5600761771202087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5550782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5523993968963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5066531300544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5032283663749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.429935097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42739206552505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41362449526786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3340259790420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2956428527832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2237473726272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19299879670143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18311426043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16449862718582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7428/pdf?version=1692963882","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37687881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37687881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10490765","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10490765","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10490765/pdf/sensors-23-07428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:733f19b056a5401e8848b787f73aed6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/733f19b056a5401e8848b787f73aed6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7428 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/17/7428/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 17; Pages: 7428","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23177428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7428/pdf?version=1692963882","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386161744.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991756455","https://openalex.org/W2015370045","https://openalex.org/W2018240663","https://openalex.org/W2019755454","https://openalex.org/W2022831078","https://openalex.org/W2024217456","https://openalex.org/W2030329314","https://openalex.org/W2035738977","https://openalex.org/W2060584329","https://openalex.org/W2065715415","https://openalex.org/W2073517074","https://openalex.org/W2075109639","https://openalex.org/W2082409180","https://openalex.org/W2106483076","https://openalex.org/W2114665517","https://openalex.org/W2142876713","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2160725657","https://openalex.org/W2168077425","https://openalex.org/W2171402290","https://openalex.org/W2494036272","https://openalex.org/W2548662808","https://openalex.org/W2556436560","https://openalex.org/W2594396048","https://openalex.org/W2621299523","https://openalex.org/W2742691436","https://openalex.org/W2790289586","https://openalex.org/W2791957678","https://openalex.org/W2887328523","https://openalex.org/W2896466997","https://openalex.org/W2904004124","https://openalex.org/W2910162981","https://openalex.org/W2940986827","https://openalex.org/W2953540969","https://openalex.org/W2969834427","https://openalex.org/W2997967197","https://openalex.org/W3047479915","https://openalex.org/W3099983193","https://openalex.org/W3191116640","https://openalex.org/W3204147144","https://openalex.org/W4286977594","https://openalex.org/W4379259173","https://openalex.org/W6799884830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141040581","https://openalex.org/W2383340439","https://openalex.org/W1547235302","https://openalex.org/W2768169847","https://openalex.org/W2110641016","https://openalex.org/W2158264240","https://openalex.org/W3137999590","https://openalex.org/W2285032271","https://openalex.org/W2114906835","https://openalex.org/W4315564801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"sensing":[1],"in":[2,36,57,66,70,97,115],"Cognitive":[3],"radio":[4],"(CR)":[5],"is":[6,27,42,68,83,113],"a":[7,19,109],"way":[8],"to":[9,17,30,85,101,123,145],"improve":[10,102],"spectrum":[11,23,59],"utilization":[12],"by":[13],"detecting":[14],"spectral":[15],"holes":[16],"achieve":[18,90,141],"dynamic":[20],"allocation":[21],"of":[22],"resources.":[24],"As":[25],"it":[26],"often":[28],"difficult":[29],"obtain":[31],"accurate":[32],"wireless":[33,58],"environment":[34],"information":[35],"real-world":[37],"scenarios,":[38],"the":[39,125,128,137,146],"detection":[40,81,103,143],"performance":[41,144],"limited.":[43],"Signal-to-noise":[44],"ratio":[45],"(SNR),":[46],"noise":[47,98],"variance,":[48],"and":[49,80,89,105,118],"channel":[50,119],"prior":[51,120],"occupancy":[52,121],"rate":[53,122],"are":[54],"critical":[55],"parameters":[56,88],"sensing.":[60],"However,":[61],"obtaining":[62],"these":[63],"parameter":[64],"values":[65],"advance":[67],"challenging":[69],"practical":[71],"scenarios.":[72],"A":[73],"lifting":[74,95],"wavelet-assisted":[75],"Expectation-Maximization":[76],"(EM)":[77],"joint":[78],"estimation":[79,100],"method":[82,139],"proposed":[84,138],"estimate":[86],"multiple":[87],"full-blind":[91],"detection,":[92],"which":[93],"uses":[94],"wavelet":[96],"variance":[99],"probability":[104],"convergence":[106],"speed.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"stream":[110],"learning":[111],"strategy":[112],"used":[114],"estimating":[116],"SNR":[117],"fit":[124],"scenario":[126],"where":[127],"SU":[129],"has":[130],"mobility.":[131],"The":[132],"simulation":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"can":[140],"comparable":[142],"semi-blind":[147],"EM":[148],"method.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}