{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386030126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","title":"Explainable Automated TI-RADS Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules","display_name":"Explainable Automated TI-RADS Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386030126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7289/pdf?version=1692590620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7289/pdf?version=1692590620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046233168","display_name":"Alisa Kunapinun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-6592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I734295","display_name":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzqyx59","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739","https://openalex.org/I734295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332387789","display_name":"Siriraj Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0331zs648","country_code":"TH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789"]}],"countries":["TH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alisa Kunapinun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789","https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I734295","https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059110754","display_name":"Dittapong Songsaeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-3844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332387789","display_name":"Siriraj Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0331zs648","country_code":"TH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dittapong Songsaeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789","https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092668618","display_name":"Sittaya Buathong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332387789","display_name":"Siriraj Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0331zs648","country_code":"TH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sittaya Buathong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789","https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035778658","display_name":"Matthew N. Dailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38538140","display_name":"Asian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403qcr87","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew N. Dailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok 12120, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Technologies, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok 12120, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007537617","display_name":"Chadaporn Keatmanee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58196637","display_name":"Ramkhamhaeng University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mrw8k38","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58196637"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chadaporn Keatmanee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58196637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019117213","display_name":"Mongkol Ekpanyapong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-6249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38538140","display_name":"Asian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403qcr87","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mongkol Ekpanyapong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok 12120, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Engineering, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok 12120, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046233168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332387789","https://openalex.org/I25399158","https://openalex.org/I63772739","https://openalex.org/I734295"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88933221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"16","first_page":"7289","last_page":"7289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10329","display_name":"Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echogenicity","display_name":"Echogenicity","score":0.7732689380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-nodules","display_name":"Thyroid nodules","score":0.7178037762641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.7026452422142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignancy","display_name":"Malignancy","score":0.6081748604774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5863373279571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bi-rads","display_name":"BI-RADS","score":0.5653085708618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49420812726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid","display_name":"Thyroid","score":0.49319523572921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.47050660848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45562127232551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.451199471950531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4422796070575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsy","display_name":"Biopsy","score":0.41443729400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.3779953122138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34017473459243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.280178040266037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.25880828499794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.16356804966926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.158939927816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.10327160358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.09857285022735596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206111553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3501532","display_name":"Echogenicity","level":3,"score":0.7732689380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779022025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53829","display_name":"Thyroid nodules","level":3,"score":0.7178037762641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7026452422142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.6081748604774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5863373279571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779098232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903975","display_name":"BI-RADS","level":5,"score":0.5653085708618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49420812726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.49319523572921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.47050660848617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45562127232551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.451199471950531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4422796070575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.41443729400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.3779953122138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34017473459243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.280178040266037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.25880828499794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.16356804966926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.158939927816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10327160358428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.09857285022735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009333","descriptor_name":"Neck","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016606","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016606","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016606","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016606","descriptor_name":"Thyroid Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7289/pdf?version=1692590620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37631825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10459295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10459295","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10459295/pdf/sensors-23-07289.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e19a168cd0d340b89b05d7ffab9cd061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e19a168cd0d340b89b05d7ffab9cd061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 16, p 7289 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/16/7289/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 16; Pages: 7289","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167289","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7289/pdf?version=1692590620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386030126.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993750017","https://openalex.org/W2058759082","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2345010043","https://openalex.org/W2508926319","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2603963723","https://openalex.org/W2777186991","https://openalex.org/W2792449977","https://openalex.org/W2945907972","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964317695","https://openalex.org/W3039074107","https://openalex.org/W3074741277","https://openalex.org/W3095801960","https://openalex.org/W3134475970","https://openalex.org/W3212807205","https://openalex.org/W4244633286","https://openalex.org/W4285594424","https://openalex.org/W4297541929","https://openalex.org/W4309762183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053849403","https://openalex.org/W1977408463","https://openalex.org/W2591669441","https://openalex.org/W3029276719","https://openalex.org/W3125611560","https://openalex.org/W2498632914","https://openalex.org/W45411538","https://openalex.org/W59410728","https://openalex.org/W3204906666","https://openalex.org/W2899112730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"thyroid":[1,9,53,130,147,250],"nodule,":[2],"a":[3,48,75,192,254],"common":[4],"abnormal":[5],"growth":[6],"within":[7,199],"the":[8,18,92,156,161,179,200,213,243],"gland,":[10],"is":[11,30,47,81],"often":[12],"identified":[13],"through":[14,237],"ultrasound":[15],"imaging":[16],"of":[17,94,215,245],"neck.":[19],"These":[20],"growths":[21],"may":[22,107],"be":[23],"solid-":[24],"or":[25,77],"fluid-filled,":[26],"and":[27,37,43,67,103,135,142,152,173,202,217,240,260],"their":[28,207],"treatment":[29],"influenced":[31],"by":[32,230],"factors":[33],"such":[34,61],"as":[35,62],"size":[36],"location.":[38],"The":[39],"Thyroid":[40],"Imaging":[41],"Reporting":[42],"Data":[44],"System":[45],"(TI-RADS)":[46,102],"classification":[49,228],"method":[50],"that":[51,110,166,212],"categorizes":[52],"nodules":[54,131,148],"into":[55],"risk":[56,171],"levels":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59],"features":[60,176,198],"size,":[63],"echogenicity,":[64],"margin,":[65],"shape,":[66],"calcification.":[68],"It":[69],"guides":[70],"clinicians":[71],"in":[72,206,220,248],"deciding":[73],"whether":[74],"biopsy":[76],"other":[78],"further":[79,258],"evaluation":[80],"needed.":[82],"Machine":[83],"learning":[84,247],"(ML)":[85],"can":[86,169],"complement":[87],"TI-RADS":[88,111,115,134,151,180,227],"classification,":[89],"thereby":[90],"improving":[91],"detection":[93],"malignant":[95],"tumors.":[96],"When":[97],"combined":[98],"with":[99,186,222],"expert":[100],"rules":[101],"explanations,":[104],"ML":[105],"models":[106,144,168],"uncover":[108],"elements":[109],"misses,":[112],"especially":[113],"when":[114],"training":[116],"data":[117],"are":[118],"scarce.":[119],"In":[120],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"we":[123,164,190],"present":[124],"an":[125],"automated":[126],"system":[127],"for":[128,257],"classifying":[129],"according":[132,149],"to":[133,145,150,178,232],"assessing":[136],"malignancy":[137],"effectively.":[138],"We":[139],"use":[140],"ResNet-101":[141,216],"DenseNet-201":[143,218],"classify":[146],"malignancy.":[153],"By":[154,182],"analyzing":[155],"models'":[157],"last":[158],"layer":[159],"using":[160],"Grad-CAM":[162,184,223],"algorithm,":[163],"demonstrate":[165],"these":[167],"identify":[170],"areas":[172],"detect":[174],"nodule":[175,201,251],"relevant":[177],"score.":[181],"integrating":[183],"results":[185],"feature":[187],"probability":[188],"calculations,":[189],"provide":[191],"precise":[193],"heat":[194],"map,":[195],"visualizing":[196],"specific":[197],"potentially":[203],"assisting":[204],"doctors":[205],"assessments.":[208],"Our":[209],"experiments":[210],"show":[211],"utilization":[214],"models,":[219],"conjunction":[221],"visualization":[224],"analysis,":[225],"improves":[226],"accuracy":[229],"up":[231],"10%.":[233],"This":[234],"enhancement,":[235],"achieved":[236],"iterative":[238],"analysis":[239],"re-training,":[241],"underscores":[242],"potential":[244],"machine":[246],"advancing":[249],"diagnosis,":[252],"offering":[253],"promising":[255],"direction":[256],"exploration":[259],"clinical":[261],"application.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
