{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385978107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","title":"A Convolutional Autoencoder Based Fault Diagnosis Method for a Hydraulic Solenoid Valve Considering Unknown Faults","display_name":"A Convolutional Autoencoder Based Fault Diagnosis Method for a Hydraulic Solenoid Valve Considering Unknown Faults","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385978107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7249/pdf?version=1692344901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7249/pdf?version=1692344901","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428038","display_name":"Seung\u2010Jin Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-3889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seungjin Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Industrial Machine Technologies, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Industrial Machine Technologies, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051700060","display_name":"Joon Ha Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-3192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon Ha Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059250768","display_name":"Jai-Kyung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jai-Kyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart Industrial Machine Technologies, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart Industrial Machine Technologies, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113743093","display_name":"Sang Woo Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1854-230X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Woo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D Center, Daesung Nachi Hydraulics Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50592, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D Center, Daesung Nachi Hydraulics Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50592, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002862204","display_name":"Dal Sik Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dal Sik Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D Center, Daesung Nachi Hydraulics Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50592, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D Center, Daesung Nachi Hydraulics Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50592, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100428038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81416521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"16","first_page":"7249","last_page":"7249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9171000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6001830697059631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solenoid-valve","display_name":"Solenoid valve","score":0.5862991809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-machinery","display_name":"Hydraulic machinery","score":0.5444170236587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5424453020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime","display_name":"Downtime","score":0.4702046513557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43104127049446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41953346133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32831573486328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.292488157749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1189751923084259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6001830697059631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777112803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430621","display_name":"Solenoid valve","level":2,"score":0.5862991809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11394606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1972552","display_name":"Hydraulic machinery","level":2,"score":0.5444170236587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5424453020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.4702046513557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43104127049446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41953346133232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32831573486328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.292488157749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1189751923084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7249/pdf?version=1692344901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37631784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10459604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10459604","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10459604/pdf/sensors-23-07249.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae316aae6c2346028e40edb3f2faf238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae316aae6c2346028e40edb3f2faf238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 16, p 7249 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/16/7249/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 16; Pages: 7249","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167249","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7249/pdf?version=1692344901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G204937280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0020661","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2685523971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20018414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","funder_display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9cwa38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385978107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982150194","https://openalex.org/W1985905194","https://openalex.org/W2021275749","https://openalex.org/W2051624171","https://openalex.org/W2120563701","https://openalex.org/W2546256809","https://openalex.org/W2581376374","https://openalex.org/W2618346215","https://openalex.org/W2883287024","https://openalex.org/W2905107655","https://openalex.org/W3004856850","https://openalex.org/W3015975460","https://openalex.org/W3037050422","https://openalex.org/W3108817027","https://openalex.org/W3157225028","https://openalex.org/W3174727474","https://openalex.org/W3196584685","https://openalex.org/W4226200875","https://openalex.org/W4281666323","https://openalex.org/W4297799274","https://openalex.org/W6751494907"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046276983","https://openalex.org/W2365725759","https://openalex.org/W2374767868","https://openalex.org/W2390511951","https://openalex.org/W2352631335","https://openalex.org/W2348895893","https://openalex.org/W1537771658","https://openalex.org/W2353995638","https://openalex.org/W4230216944","https://openalex.org/W4312887870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,102,155],"hydraulic":[1,22,55,203],"solenoid":[2,56,204],"valve":[3,57,78,100],"is":[4,83],"an":[5,161],"essential":[6],"electromechanical":[7],"component":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,166,201],"various":[11],"industries":[12],"to":[13,30,47,66,119],"control":[14],"the":[15,112,124,134,140,143,168,186,189],"flow":[16],"rate,":[17],"pressure,":[18],"and":[19,50,59,74,92,98,108,122,130,150,195],"direction":[20],"of":[21,77,111,138,164,188,198],"fluid.":[23],"However,":[24],"these":[25,43],"valves":[26],"can":[27,45],"fail":[28],"due":[29],"factors":[31],"like":[32],"electrical":[33],"issues,":[34],"mechanical":[35],"wear,":[36],"contamination,":[37],"seal":[38],"failure,":[39,58],"or":[40],"improper":[41],"assembly;":[42],"failures":[44],"lead":[46],"system":[48],"downtime":[49],"safety":[51],"risks.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"its":[60],"related":[61],"impacts,":[62],"this":[63],"study":[64],"aimed":[65],"develop":[67],"a":[68,86,105],"nondestructive":[69],"diagnostic":[70,157],"technology":[71],"for":[72,193],"rapid":[73],"accurate":[75,194],"diagnosis":[76,191],"failures.":[79],"proposed":[81,156,190],"approach":[82,117],"based":[84],"on":[85],"data-driven":[87],"model":[88,158],"that":[89],"uses":[90],"voltage":[91],"current":[93],"signals":[94],"measured":[95],"from":[96],"normal":[97,129],"faulty":[99],"samples.":[101],"algorithm":[103,141],"utilizes":[104],"convolutional":[106],"autoencoder":[107],"hypersphere-based":[109],"clustering":[110,116,133],"latent":[113],"variables.":[114],"This":[115,182],"helps":[118],"identify":[120],"patterns":[121],"categorize":[123],"samples":[125],"into":[126,136],"distinct":[127,179],"groups,":[128],"faulty.":[131],"By":[132],"data":[135],"groups":[137],"hyperspheres,":[139],"identifies":[142],"specific":[144],"fault":[145,153,180],"type,":[146],"including":[147],"both":[148],"known":[149],"potentially":[151],"new":[152],"types.":[154],"successfully":[159],"achieved":[160],"accuracy":[162,184],"rate":[163],"98%":[165],"classifying":[167],"measurement":[169],"data,":[170],"which":[171],"were":[172],"augmented":[173],"with":[174],"white":[175],"noise":[176],"across":[177],"seven":[178],"modes.":[181],"high":[183],"demonstrates":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"method":[192],"prompt":[196],"identification":[197],"faults":[199],"present":[200],"actual":[202],"valves.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
