{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385737660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","title":"GANMasker: A Two-Stage Generative Adversarial Network for High-Quality Face Mask Removal","display_name":"GANMasker: A Two-Stage Generative Adversarial Network for High-Quality Face Mask Removal","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385737660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7094/pdf?version=1691676114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7094/pdf?version=1691676114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108131764","display_name":"Mohamed Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea","Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6764-8969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018214137","display_name":"Hyun\u2010Soo Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Soo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018214137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89010258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"16","first_page":"7094","last_page":"7094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7617344856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7193416357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6162005662918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5774800181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.553210437297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5498733520507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5428327322006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5134804844856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.509411633014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.44574111700057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4192308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4052577018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38347965478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15554699301719666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7617344856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7193416357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6162005662918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5774800181388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.553210437297821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5498733520507812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5428327322006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5134804844856262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.509411633014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.44574111700057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4192308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4052577018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38347965478897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15554699301719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067393","descriptor_name":"Personal Protective Equipment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067393","descriptor_name":"Personal Protective Equipment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067393","descriptor_name":"Personal Protective Equipment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7094/pdf?version=1691676114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37631631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37631631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10459718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10459718","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10459718/pdf/sensors-23-07094.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc3bca589d5949ce889e4ce67c195bfe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc3bca589d5949ce889e4ce67c195bfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 16, p 7094 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/16/7094/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 16; Pages: 7094","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23167094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/16/7094/pdf?version=1691676114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1917921091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5577363746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023R1A2C1006944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6878627487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023R1A2C1006944","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8446182298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G938309455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-2020-0-01462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385737660.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1975049209","https://openalex.org/W1982471090","https://openalex.org/W2072479904","https://openalex.org/W2091449379","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2115273023","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2295936755","https://openalex.org/W2507486309","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2611104282","https://openalex.org/W2738588019","https://openalex.org/W2775688717","https://openalex.org/W2798365772","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963981733","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2978704794","https://openalex.org/W3010052540","https://openalex.org/W3119307179","https://openalex.org/W3174699415","https://openalex.org/W4206216093","https://openalex.org/W4249710618","https://openalex.org/W4292348767","https://openalex.org/W4307938971","https://openalex.org/W6724738064","https://openalex.org/W6752670383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W2059339452","https://openalex.org/W2995115364","https://openalex.org/W2732415564","https://openalex.org/W4320011092","https://openalex.org/W2897995864","https://openalex.org/W4310034804","https://openalex.org/W4210427169","https://openalex.org/W3000866861","https://openalex.org/W2953337412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-learning-based":[0],"image":[1],"inpainting":[2],"methods":[3,33],"have":[4,34],"made":[5],"remarkable":[6],"advancements,":[7],"particularly":[8],"in":[9,23,113,192,224],"object":[10],"removal":[11,14,38],"tasks.":[12],"The":[13,179],"of":[15,26,39,79,96,108,206,234],"face":[16,86,110,162],"masks":[17,46],"has":[18],"gained":[19],"significant":[20],"attention,":[21],"especially":[22],"the":[24,27,37,62,77,93,109,114,137,150,184,188,210,214,225],"wake":[25],"COVID-19":[28],"pandemic,":[29],"and":[30,44,74,84,128,144,160,171,195],"while":[31],"numerous":[32],"successfully":[35],"addressed":[36],"small":[40],"objects,":[41],"removing":[42],"large":[43,168],"complex":[45],"from":[47,165],"faces":[48,60,147],"remains":[49],"demanding.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"a":[54,119,167,200,221,232],"novel":[55],"two-stage":[56],"network":[57,104,122,124,141],"for":[58,105],"unmasking":[59],"considering":[61],"intricate":[63],"facial":[64],"features":[65],"typically":[66],"concealed":[67],"by":[68],"masks,":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"noses,":[72],"mouths,":[73],"chins.":[75],"Additionally,":[76,218],"scarcity":[78],"paired":[80,158],"datasets":[81],"comprising":[82],"masked":[83,138,161,177],"unmasked":[85,146,159],"images":[87,163],"poses":[88],"an":[89,102],"additional":[90],"challenge.":[91],"In":[92],"first":[94],"stage":[95],"our":[97,155],"proposed":[98,185],"model,":[99],"we":[100,117],"employ":[101],"autoencoder-based":[103],"binary":[106],"segmentation":[107],"mask.":[111],"Subsequently,":[112],"second":[115],"stage,":[116],"introduce":[118],"generative":[120],"adversarial":[121],"(GAN)-based":[123],"enhanced":[125],"with":[126,213],"attention":[127],"Masked-Unmasked":[129],"Region":[130],"Fusion":[131],"(MURF)":[132],"mechanisms":[133],"to":[134],"focus":[135],"on":[136,157,175],"region.":[139],"Our":[140],"generates":[142],"realistic":[143],"accurate":[145],"that":[148,183],"resemble":[149],"original":[151],"faces.":[152,178],"We":[153],"train":[154],"model":[156],"sourced":[164],"CelebA,":[166],"public":[169],"dataset,":[170],"evaluate":[172],"its":[173],"performance":[174],"multi-scale":[176],"experimental":[180],"results":[181],"illustrate":[182],"method":[186],"surpasses":[187],"current":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"techniques":[191],"both":[193],"qualitative":[194],"quantitative":[196],"metrics.":[197],"It":[198],"achieves":[199],"Peak":[201],"Signal-to-Noise":[202],"Ratio":[203],"(PSNR)":[204],"improvement":[205],"4.18":[207],"dB":[208],"over":[209],"second-best":[211],"method,":[212],"PSNR":[215],"reaching":[216],"30.96.":[217],"it":[219],"exhibits":[220],"1%":[222],"increase":[223],"Structural":[226],"Similarity":[227],"Index":[228],"Measure":[229],"(SSIM),":[230],"achieving":[231],"value":[233],"0.95.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}