{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385636506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","title":"Critical Examination of Distance-Gain-Size (DGS) Diagrams of Ultrasonic NDE with Sound Field Calculations","display_name":"Critical Examination of Distance-Gain-Size (DGS) Diagrams of Ultrasonic NDE with Sound Field Calculations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385636506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23157004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/7004/pdf?version=1691402243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/7004/pdf?version=1691402243","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017550978","display_name":"Kanji Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-3056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kanji Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-3056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008432","display_name":"Hang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017550978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.4985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51998012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"15","first_page":"7004","last_page":"7004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.7754796743392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6506265997886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.579501748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5484786629676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5412598848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction","display_name":"Diffraction","score":0.5264669060707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","score":0.44379723072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.43674638867378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19391781091690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1695321798324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11751601099967957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.7754796743392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6506265997886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.579501748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5484786629676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5412598848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.5264669060707092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4520048499107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.44379723072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.43674638867378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19391781091690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1695321798324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11751601099967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23157004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/7004/pdf?version=1691402243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37571786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10422416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10422416","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10422416/pdf/sensors-23-07004.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b892c3c9f36b4600a20285fd67bcfdcf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b892c3c9f36b4600a20285fd67bcfdcf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 15, p 7004 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/15/7004/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 15; Pages: 7004","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23157004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23157004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/7004/pdf?version=1691402243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385636506.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636893897","https://openalex.org/W1583389141","https://openalex.org/W1966278433","https://openalex.org/W1969098227","https://openalex.org/W1972084818","https://openalex.org/W1974584189","https://openalex.org/W1979494346","https://openalex.org/W1987216646","https://openalex.org/W1989349951","https://openalex.org/W2002318142","https://openalex.org/W2027215837","https://openalex.org/W2029066906","https://openalex.org/W2040225009","https://openalex.org/W2040763338","https://openalex.org/W2042828008","https://openalex.org/W2045404443","https://openalex.org/W2049251004","https://openalex.org/W2051952261","https://openalex.org/W2056988378","https://openalex.org/W2070266029","https://openalex.org/W2081389744","https://openalex.org/W2084707752","https://openalex.org/W2126724665","https://openalex.org/W2147913084","https://openalex.org/W2208032259","https://openalex.org/W2290184076","https://openalex.org/W2487618817","https://openalex.org/W3013502449","https://openalex.org/W3046918897","https://openalex.org/W3173462323","https://openalex.org/W4210404468","https://openalex.org/W4230836457","https://openalex.org/W4246949337","https://openalex.org/W4250487979","https://openalex.org/W4313403981","https://openalex.org/W6647474117","https://openalex.org/W6696283940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057390885","https://openalex.org/W2720174894","https://openalex.org/W798621388","https://openalex.org/W134592185","https://openalex.org/W1674162438","https://openalex.org/W2383924426","https://openalex.org/W2170174892","https://openalex.org/W2950204691","https://openalex.org/W2380679464","https://openalex.org/W3034962873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasonic":[0],"non-destructive":[1],"evaluation,":[2],"which":[3,53],"has":[4],"been":[5],"used":[6,30],"widely,":[7],"can":[8,21],"detect":[9],"and":[10,41,48,76],"size":[11,90],"critical":[12],"flaws":[13],"in":[14,17,56,95],"structures.":[15],"Advances":[16],"sound":[18,35],"field":[19],"calculations":[20,106],"further":[22],"improve":[23],"its":[24],"effectiveness.":[25],"Two":[26,59],"calculation":[27],"methods":[28],"were":[29,44,63],"to":[31,46,65,110,117],"characterize":[32],"the":[33,42,69,77,96,101,104,127],"relevant":[34],"fields":[36],"of":[37,103,114,122,126],"an":[38,81],"ultrasonic":[39],"transducer":[40,89],"results":[43],"applied":[45],"construct":[47],"evaluate":[49],"Distance-Gain-Size":[50],"(DGS)":[51],"diagrams,":[52],"are":[54,131],"useful":[55],"flaw":[57],"sizing.":[58],"published":[60],"DGS":[61,86,98,115],"diagrams":[62,87,116],"found":[64],"be":[66,108],"deficient":[67],"because":[68],"backward":[70],"diffraction":[71,135],"path":[72],"was":[73],"overly":[74],"simplified":[75],"third":[78],"one":[79],"included":[80],"arbitrary":[82],"procedure.":[83],"Newly":[84],"constructed":[85],"exhibited":[88],"dependence,":[91],"revealing":[92],"another":[93],"deficiency":[94],"existing":[97],"diagrams.":[99],"However,":[100],"extent":[102],"present":[105],"must":[107],"expanded":[109],"provide":[111],"a":[112,119],"catalog":[113],"cover":[118],"wide":[120],"range":[121],"practical":[123],"needs.":[124],"Details":[125],"new":[128],"construction":[129],"method":[130],"presented,":[132],"incorporating":[133],"two-way":[134],"procedures.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2023-08-08T00:00:00"}