{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385446408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","title":"Analysis of Hyperspectral Data to Develop an Approach for Document Images","display_name":"Analysis of Hyperspectral Data to Develop an Approach for Document Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385446408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6845/pdf?version=1690885355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6845/pdf?version=1690885355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068614901","display_name":"Zainab Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-903X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1230-903X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058861950","display_name":"Saad Bin Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-9368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Bin Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-9368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159827","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center of Artificial Intelligence, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Artificial Intelligence, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058861950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.1697,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94735359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"15","first_page":"6845","last_page":"6845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9734818339347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7613176107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7193801403045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.5010020732879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4896838963031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4640328884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4209628999233246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4135051369667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3981267213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38621440529823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35143062472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33043935894966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2774534821510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07903227210044861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9734818339347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7613176107406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7193801403045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5010020732879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4896838963031769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4640328884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4209628999233246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4135051369667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3981267213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38621440529823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35143062472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33043935894966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2774534821510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07903227210044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6845/pdf?version=1690885355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37571629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10422312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10422312","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10422312/pdf/sensors-23-06845.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:74fac9aec55747d1aac6d7650ad72d7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/74fac9aec55747d1aac6d7650ad72d7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 15, p 6845 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/15/6845/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 15; Pages: 6845","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23156845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6845/pdf?version=1690885355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385446408.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536019064","https://openalex.org/W1603120003","https://openalex.org/W1977415177","https://openalex.org/W1977791453","https://openalex.org/W1997841652","https://openalex.org/W2001496821","https://openalex.org/W2002524317","https://openalex.org/W2012946078","https://openalex.org/W2027668293","https://openalex.org/W2031253668","https://openalex.org/W2039417226","https://openalex.org/W2047856763","https://openalex.org/W2058144644","https://openalex.org/W2059357175","https://openalex.org/W2066916495","https://openalex.org/W2082464775","https://openalex.org/W2086074588","https://openalex.org/W2086950197","https://openalex.org/W2098136451","https://openalex.org/W2098424973","https://openalex.org/W2099703033","https://openalex.org/W2111822769","https://openalex.org/W2114360444","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2127814617","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2132638760","https://openalex.org/W2140876153","https://openalex.org/W2149224850","https://openalex.org/W2154970996","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163547919","https://openalex.org/W2166910890","https://openalex.org/W2166922611","https://openalex.org/W2169210068","https://openalex.org/W2170395949","https://openalex.org/W2296342938","https://openalex.org/W2304496602","https://openalex.org/W2395448127","https://openalex.org/W2493273699","https://openalex.org/W2502978388","https://openalex.org/W2514046700","https://openalex.org/W2541546981","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2573524522","https://openalex.org/W2575560593","https://openalex.org/W2588023376","https://openalex.org/W2606929568","https://openalex.org/W2609880332","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2618088935","https://openalex.org/W2734846385","https://openalex.org/W2735302892","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2770967191","https://openalex.org/W2790473231","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2803552875","https://openalex.org/W2811355488","https://openalex.org/W2890455271","https://openalex.org/W2895861207","https://openalex.org/W2897452159","https://openalex.org/W2900511962","https://openalex.org/W2908117093","https://openalex.org/W2908968031","https://openalex.org/W2909214391","https://openalex.org/W2912961521","https://openalex.org/W2914736033","https://openalex.org/W2935130647","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2943270518","https://openalex.org/W2944248482","https://openalex.org/W2944413439","https://openalex.org/W2956367483","https://openalex.org/W2963755276","https://openalex.org/W2966739747","https://openalex.org/W2991616716","https://openalex.org/W3004674113","https://openalex.org/W3004877455","https://openalex.org/W3008897592","https://openalex.org/W3011069978","https://openalex.org/W3016529590","https://openalex.org/W3022086662","https://openalex.org/W3037458146","https://openalex.org/W3075397214","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3105255022","https://openalex.org/W3112209948","https://openalex.org/W3131451942","https://openalex.org/W3152468234","https://openalex.org/W3164816634","https://openalex.org/W3177200386","https://openalex.org/W3199906710","https://openalex.org/W4210541032","https://openalex.org/W4210824752","https://openalex.org/W4225286361","https://openalex.org/W4226070402","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4283315452","https://openalex.org/W4285819034","https://openalex.org/W4308275658","https://openalex.org/W4310973205","https://openalex.org/W6679407224","https://openalex.org/W6680833322","https://openalex.org/W6685027383","https://openalex.org/W6738674914","https://openalex.org/W6763710644","https://openalex.org/W6797719664","https://openalex.org/W6807886352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2389417819","https://openalex.org/W3195278891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"data":[1,41,69,84],"analysis":[2,42],"is":[3],"being":[4],"utilized":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7],"effective":[8],"and":[9,20,31,71,80,116,133,151,158],"compelling":[10],"tool":[11],"for":[12,22,47,53,68,103,149,165],"image":[13,156],"processing,":[14],"providing":[15],"unprecedented":[16],"levels":[17],"of":[18,36,50,62,82,91,99,130,162],"information":[19],"insights":[21],"various":[23,66],"applications.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,139,170],"manuscript,":[27],"we":[28,125],"have":[29],"compiled":[30],"presented":[32],"a":[33,146],"comprehensive":[34],"overview":[35],"recent":[37],"advances":[38],"in":[39,107,138,169],"hyperspectral":[40,54,63,83,101,131,163],"that":[43],"can":[44],"provide":[45],"assistance":[46],"the":[48,59,76,89,97,127,160],"development":[49],"customized":[51],"techniques":[52,67],"document":[55,92,108,111,155],"images.":[56,93],"We":[57,94],"review":[58,144],"fundamental":[60],"concepts":[61],"imaging,":[64],"discuss":[65,126],"acquisition,":[70],"examine":[72],"state-of-the-art":[73],"approaches":[74],"to":[75],"preprocessing,":[77],"feature":[78],"extraction,":[79],"classification":[81],"by":[85],"taking":[86],"into":[87],"consideration":[88],"complexities":[90],"also":[95],"explore":[96],"possibility":[98],"utilizing":[100],"imaging":[102,132,164],"addressing":[104,166],"critical":[105],"challenges":[106,168],"analysis,":[109],"including":[110],"forgery,":[112],"ink":[113],"age":[114],"estimation,":[115],"text":[117],"extraction":[118],"from":[119],"degraded":[120],"or":[121],"damaged":[122],"documents.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"current":[128],"limitations":[129],"identify":[134],"future":[135],"research":[136],"directions":[137],"rapidly":[140],"evolving":[141],"field.":[142],"Our":[143],"provides":[145],"valuable":[147],"resource":[148],"researchers":[150],"practitioners":[152],"working":[153],"on":[154],"processing":[157],"highlights":[159],"potential":[161],"complex":[167],"domain.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
